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Table 5 Impact matrix for La Herrera

From: Urban regeneration as population health intervention: a health impact assessment in the Bay of Pasaia (Spain)

Effects of non-intervention

Affected social determinants of health

Vulnerable groups and social inequalities in health

Potential effects on health and bibliographical sources

Persistence of degraded area

Deteriorating physical environment

(−) ↓ physical activity

(−) ↓ active transport

(−) ↓ social cohesion and collective self-esteem

Perception of insecurity

(−) ↓ physical activity

(−) ↓ social cohesion

(−) ↓ employment and economic activity

Negative effects on the entire population, especially women, the elderly, children, and those with low incomes

(−) ↑ obesity, DM II, hypertension, and cancer

(−) ↓ musculoskeletal health

(−) ↓ perceived physical and mental health

(−) ↑ depression and anxiety

(−) ↓ sleep quality

(−) ↓ self-esteem

(−) ↑ stigma and psychosocial stress

Qualitative study

Quantitative study

Literature review:[36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 5357]

Underfunding of potential uses of the area

Mixed use of land and recreational areas

(−) ↓ active transport

(−) ↓ social interaction

Negative effects on the entire population, particularly pedestrians and those with low incomes

(−) ↑obesity

(−) ↓mental health and wellbeing

Qualitative study

Quantitative study

Literature review:[58, 59]

Unsafe and unequal access to metro

Accessibility, public transport and connectivity

(−) ↓ physical activity

(−) ↓ access to services

(−) ↑isolation and ↓social cohesion

(−) ↑contamination, noise and accidents due to increased traffic

Negative effects on the entire population, particularly women, children, the elderly, ethnic minorities, the disabled, and those with low incomes

(−) ↑ obesity and chronic diseases

(−) ↓ mental health

(−) ↑ cardiovascular disease, exacerbation of COPD and asthma, cancer, mortality

(−) ↑ irritability, stress and sleep disorders

Qualitative study

Quantitative study

Literature review:[37, 47, 48, 60]

Worsening of conflict with sponsor institutions

Psychosocial sphere

(−) ↑ mistrust of institutions

(−) ↑ sense of social frustration

(−) ↓ sense of belonging to the community, collective identity and self-esteem

Negative effects on the entire population, particularly those who are socially excluded.

(−) ↓ physical and mental health

Qualitative study

Literature review:[61, 62]

  1. (−) Negative impact; ↑ Increase; ↓ Decrease