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Table 4 Impact matrix for NFM

From: Urban regeneration as population health intervention: a health impact assessment in the Bay of Pasaia (Spain)

Intervention phenomena

Structural and proximal determinants affected

Vulnerable groups and social inequalities in health

Potential health effects

Source of evidence

Characteristics of the new fish market (walkable roof garden and emblematic building)

Green spaces and recreational areas

(+) ↑ physical activity

(+) ↑ unstructured activities and social interaction

Pedestrian walkways

(+) ↑ physical activity

(+) ↑ efficiency of land use

(+) ↑ access to services and employment

Urban quality

(+) ↑ physical activity

(+) ↑ diet quality

(+) ↑Social cohesion

(+) ↑ Individual and social self-esteem

(+) ↑Employment and social dynamism

Positive effects on the population in the area next to the fish market, in particular those who are unemployed and/or have low incomes, no car, and cyclists, pedestrians, women, children, and the elderly

(+) ↑ wellbeing and quality of life

(+) ↓ poor mental health

(+) ↑ self-esteem

(+) ↓ stress and fatigue

(+) ↑ perceived physical health

(+) ↑ sleep quality

(+) ↓ chronic diseases: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arterial hypertension, obesity and others

(+) ↓cancer

(+) ↑musculoskeletal health

(+) ↓premature mortality

Qualitative study

Quantitative study

Literature review: [3446]

Operation and activity of the fish market

Environmental quality

(−) ↑ Noise, odours, persistence of pollution

Persistence of heavy traffic

(−) ↑Accident rate

Negative effects on the entire population, especially in urban areas close to the market and the associated access roads.

Increased risk of accidents for children, youths, and the elderly

(−) ↓ mental health, ↑stress and irritability

(−) ↑ cognitive disorders in children

(−) ↑ cardiovascular disease, cancer, mortality due to diabetes mellitus and other causes, and exacerbation of COPD and asthma

(−) ↑ injuries, accident-related disabilities

Qualitative study

Literature review:[4752]

  1. (+) Positive impact; (−) Negative impact; ↑ Increase; ↓ Decrease