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Table 2 Estimates for binary logit models. Odds ratios indicating effect on presenting certain health and disability indicators: 1994. Individuals aged 55-plus

From: Educational attainment, gender and health inequalities among older adults in Catalonia (Spain)

Variables

Poor self-perceived health

Functional limitations

ADL limitations

M1

M2

M1

M2

M1

M2

Constant

0.22***

0.36***

0.00***

0.00***

0.00***

0.00***

(0.11;0.42)

(0.18;0.76)

(0.00;0.00)

(0.00;0.01)

(0.00;0.00)

(0.00;0.00)

Sociodemographic characteristics

 Age

1.00

0.98***

1.07***

1.05***

1.10***

1.07***

(0.99;1.00)

(0.97;0.99)

(1.05;1.08)

(1.04;1.06)

(1.07;1.14)

(1.03;1.11)

 Female

1.52***

1.76**

1.50***

1.72

1.78*

1.94

(1.33;1.74)

(1.03;3.00)

(1.28;1.76)

(0.90;3.30)

(0.98;3.24)

(0.12;31.42)

 Married

1.06

1.12

0.91

0.99

1.32

1.45

(0.91;1.24)

(0.96;1.32)

(0.76;1.07)

(0.83;1.18)

(0.71;2.46)

(0.79;2.67)

Occupation (ref. employed)

 Unemployed

1.68**

1.62**

1.45

1.36

-

-

(1.119-2.517)

(1.076-2.445)

(0.806-2.617)

(0.743-2.494)

-

-

 Inactive

2.27***

2.25***

1.94***

1.96***

1.40

1.36

(1.84;2.79)

(1.81;2.79)

(1.42;2.61)

(1.44;2.66)

(0.30;6.51)

(0.29;6.38)

Education

 Low Educated

2.36***

2.45***

1.89***

1.80**

2.12

1.44

(1.82;3.06)

(1.61;3.72)

(1.37;2.60)

(1.09;2.98)

(0.49;9.12)

(0.20;10.53)

Education*Sex

 Low Educated*Male

 

1.02

 

1.15

 

1.90

 

(0.59;1.76)

 

(0.59;2.23)

 

(0.11;33.93)

Health behaviours

 Current smoker

 

0.98

 

1.04

 

0.34

 

(0.77;1.25)

 

(0.77;1.40)

 

(0.08;1.58)

 Past smoker

 

1.44***

 

1.07

 

0.55

 

(1.16;1.78)

 

(0.83;1.39)

 

(0.24;1.30)

 Drinking

 

0.64**

 

0.51**

 

-

 

(0.44;0.95)

 

(0.29;0.88)

 

-

 Sedentary lifestyle

 

2.56***

 

3.27***

 

9.84***

 

(2.20;2.97)

 

(2.80;3.83)

 

(5.11;18.93)

Double health coverage

 

0.78***

 

0.81**

 

0.83

 

(0.65;0.92)

 

(0.66;0.99)

 

(0.43;1.60)

Observations

4167

4167

4167

4167

3917

3917

Pseudo R2

0.04

0.07

0.09

0.13

0.09

0.19

  1. Source: ESCA 1994. Note: M1: Model 1; M2: Model2; The extremes of corresponding 95 % confidence intervals are indicated in parentheses; Significance is shown as follows: *** p < 0.01. ** p < 0.05. * p < 0.10