Province | Socioeconomic characteristics | Poorest (Q1) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Richest (Q5) | Total | Sig.* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hubei | H-num (N) | 241 | 169 | 136 | 60 | 27 | 633 | Â |
 | H-size (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  1–3 members | 153(63.49) | 63(37.28) | 39(28.68) | 11(18.33) | 3(11.11) | 269(42.50) |  χ2=81.178 |
 |  4 members and more | 88(36.51) | 106(62.72) | 97(71.32) | 49(81.67) | 24(88.89) | 364(57.50) |   p<0.001 |
 | H-expend (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  Less than ¥10,000 | 207(85.89) | 48(28.40) | 19(13.97) | 3(5.00) | 1(3.70) | 278(43.92) |  χ2=415.619 |
 |  ¥10,000-30,000 | 31(12.86) | 121(71.60) | 98(72.06) | 34(56.67) | 11(40.74) | 295(46.60) |   p<0.001 |
 |  ¥30,000 and more | 3(1.24) | 0(0.00) | 19(13.97) | 23(38.33) | 15(55.56) | 60(9.48) | |
 | H-aged (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  0 | 95(39.42) | 72(42.60) | 76(55.88) | 28(46.67) | 12(44.44) | 283(44.71) | χ 2 = 14.492 |
 |  1 | 65(26.97) | 50(29.59) | 27(19.85) | 12(20.00) | 4(14.81) | 158(24.96) | p = 0.070 |
 |  2 and more | 81(33.61) | 47(27.81) | 33(24.26) | 20(33.33) | 11(40.74) | 192(30.33) | |
 | Edu-level (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  primary school | 94(39.00) | 22(13.02) | 4(2.94) | 1(1.67) | 0(0.00) | 121(19.12) |  χ2=106.928 |
 |  further | 147(61.00) | 147(86.98) | 132(97.06) | 59(98.33) | 27(100) | 512(80.88) |   p<0.001 |
 | H-voca (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  formal employee | 6(2.49) | 12(7.10) | 11(8.09) | 5(8.33) | 1(3.70) | 35(5.53) |  χ2=20.655 |
 |  farmer | 197(81.74) | 120(71.01) | 95(69.85) | 35(58.33) | 18(66.67) | 465(73.46) |   p=0.008 |
 |  informal employee | 38(15.77) | 37(21.89) | 30(22.06) | 20(33.33) | 8(29.63) | 133(21.01) | |
Chongqing | H-num | 155 | 184 | 88 | 33 | 38 | 498 | Â |
 | H-size (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  1–3 members | 91(58.71) | 67(36.41) | 15(17.05) | 9(27.27) | 5(13.16) | 187(37.55) |  χ2=56.601 |
 |  4 members and more | 64(41.29) | 117(63.59) | 73(82.95) | 24(72.73) | 33(86.84) | 311(62.45) | p<0.001 |
 | H-expend (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  Less than ¥10,000 | 143(92.26) | 36(19.57) | 8(9.09) | 3(9.09) | 4(10.53) | 194(38.96) |  χ2=440.401 |
 |  ¥10,000–30,000 | 11(7.10) | 144(78.26) | 70(79.55) | 15(45.45) | 9(23.68) | 249(50.00) |   p<0.001 |
 |  ¥30,000 and more | 1(0.65) | 4(2.17) | 10(11.36) | 15(45.45) | 25(65.79) | 55(11.04) | |
 | H-aged (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  0 | 46(29.68) | 69(37.50) | 36(40.91) | 14(42.42) | 15(39.47) | 180(36.14) | χ 2 = 13.374 |
 |  1 | 42(27.10) | 40(21.74) | 29(32.95) | 11(33.33) | 8(21.05) | 130(26.10) | p = 0.100 |
 |  2 and more | 67(43.23) | 75(40.76) | 23(26.14) | 8(24.24) | 15(39.47) | 188(37.75) | |
 | Edu-level (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  primary school | 73(47.10) | 41(22.28) | 8(9.09) | 4(12.12) | 4(10.53) | 130(26.10) |  χ2=58.133 |
 |  further | 82(52.90) | 143(77.72) | 80(90.91) | 29(87.88) | 34(89.47) | 368(73.90) |   p<0.001 |
 | H-voca (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  formal employee | 2(1.29) | 6(3.26) | 6(6.82) | 2(6.06) | 1(2.63) | 17(3.41) |  χ2=22.244 |
 |  farmer | 125(80.65) | 131(71.20) | 55(62.50) | 19(57.58) | 20(52.63) | 350(70.28) |   p=0.004 |
 |  informal employee | 28(18.06) | 47(25.54) | 27(30.68) | 12(36.36) | 17(44.74) | 131(26.31) | |
Zhejiang | H-num | 79 | 82 | 85 | 89 | 59 | 394 | Â |
 | H-size (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  1-3 members | 68(86.08) | 43(52.44) | 21(24.71) | 23(25.84) | 9(15.25) | 164(41.62) |  χ2=104.210 |
 |  4 members and more | 11(13.92) | 39(47.56) | 64(75.29) | 66(74.16) | 50(84.75) | 230(58.38) | p<0.001 |
 | H-expend (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  Less than ¥10,000 | 65(82.28) | 13(15.85) | 1(1.18) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) | 79(20.05) |  χ2=398.122 |
 |  ¥10,000–30,000 | 9(11.39) | 63(76.83) | 70(82.35) | 35(39.33) | 5(8.47) | 182(46.19) | p<0.001 |
 |  ¥30,000 and more | 6(6.33) | 6(7.32) | 14(16.47) | 54(60.67) | 54(91.53) | 133(33.76) | |
 | H-aged (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  0 | 11(13.92) | 34(41.46) | 37(43.53) | 53(59.55) | 24(40.68) | 159(40.36) |  χ2=40.031 |
 |  1 | 32(40.51) | 18(21.95) | 18(21.18) | 18(20.22) | 18(30.51) | 104(26.40) | p<0.001 |
 |  2 and more | 36(45.57) | 30(36.59) | 30(35.29) | 18(20.22) | 17(28.81) | 131(33.25) | |
 | Edu-level (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  primary school | 62(78.48) | 27(32.93) | 17(20.00) | 3(3.37) | 2(3.39) | 111(28.71) |  χ2=147.491 |
 |  further | 17(21.52) | 55(67.07) | 68(80.00) | 86(96.63) | 57(96.61) | 283(71.83) | p<0.001 |
 | H-voca (N(%)) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  formal employee | 0(0.00) | 7(8.54) | 8(9.41) | 11(12.36) | 5(8.47) | 31(7.87) |  χ2=18.157 |
 |  farmer | 58(73.42) | 46(56.10) | 46(54.12) | 43(48.31) | 28(47.46) | 221(56.09) | p=0.020 |
 |  informal employee | 21(26.58) | 29(35.37) | 31(36.47) | 35(39.33) | 26(44.07) | 142(36.04) |