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Table 2 Socioeconomic characteristics of income quintile in each province

From: New cooperative medical scheme decreased financial burden but expanded the gap of income-related inequity: evidence from three provinces in rural China

Province

Socioeconomic characteristics

Poorest (Q1)

Q2

Q3

Q4

Richest (Q5)

Total

Sig.*

Hubei

H-num (N)

241

169

136

60

27

633

 
 

H-size (N(%))

       
 

 1–3 members

153(63.49)

63(37.28)

39(28.68)

11(18.33)

3(11.11)

269(42.50)

 χ2=81.178

 

 4 members and more

88(36.51)

106(62.72)

97(71.32)

49(81.67)

24(88.89)

364(57.50)

  p<0.001

 

H-expend (N(%))

       
 

 Less than ¥10,000

207(85.89)

48(28.40)

19(13.97)

3(5.00)

1(3.70)

278(43.92)

 χ2=415.619

 

 ¥10,000-30,000

31(12.86)

121(71.60)

98(72.06)

34(56.67)

11(40.74)

295(46.60)

  p<0.001

 

 ¥30,000 and more

3(1.24)

0(0.00)

19(13.97)

23(38.33)

15(55.56)

60(9.48)

 

H-aged (N(%))

       
 

 0

95(39.42)

72(42.60)

76(55.88)

28(46.67)

12(44.44)

283(44.71)

χ 2 = 14.492

 

 1

65(26.97)

50(29.59)

27(19.85)

12(20.00)

4(14.81)

158(24.96)

p = 0.070

 

 2 and more

81(33.61)

47(27.81)

33(24.26)

20(33.33)

11(40.74)

192(30.33)

 

Edu-level (N(%))

       
 

 primary school

94(39.00)

22(13.02)

4(2.94)

1(1.67)

0(0.00)

121(19.12)

 χ2=106.928

 

 further

147(61.00)

147(86.98)

132(97.06)

59(98.33)

27(100)

512(80.88)

  p<0.001

 

H-voca (N(%))

       
 

 formal employee

6(2.49)

12(7.10)

11(8.09)

5(8.33)

1(3.70)

35(5.53)

 χ2=20.655

 

 farmer

197(81.74)

120(71.01)

95(69.85)

35(58.33)

18(66.67)

465(73.46)

  p=0.008

 

 informal employee

38(15.77)

37(21.89)

30(22.06)

20(33.33)

8(29.63)

133(21.01)

Chongqing

H-num

155

184

88

33

38

498

 
 

H-size (N(%))

       
 

 1–3 members

91(58.71)

67(36.41)

15(17.05)

9(27.27)

5(13.16)

187(37.55)

 χ2=56.601

 

 4 members and more

64(41.29)

117(63.59)

73(82.95)

24(72.73)

33(86.84)

311(62.45)

p<0.001

 

H-expend (N(%))

       
 

 Less than ¥10,000

143(92.26)

36(19.57)

8(9.09)

3(9.09)

4(10.53)

194(38.96)

 χ2=440.401

 

 ¥10,000–30,000

11(7.10)

144(78.26)

70(79.55)

15(45.45)

9(23.68)

249(50.00)

  p<0.001

 

 ¥30,000 and more

1(0.65)

4(2.17)

10(11.36)

15(45.45)

25(65.79)

55(11.04)

 

H-aged (N(%))

       
 

 0

46(29.68)

69(37.50)

36(40.91)

14(42.42)

15(39.47)

180(36.14)

χ 2 = 13.374

 

 1

42(27.10)

40(21.74)

29(32.95)

11(33.33)

8(21.05)

130(26.10)

p = 0.100

 

 2 and more

67(43.23)

75(40.76)

23(26.14)

8(24.24)

15(39.47)

188(37.75)

 

Edu-level (N(%))

       
 

 primary school

73(47.10)

41(22.28)

8(9.09)

4(12.12)

4(10.53)

130(26.10)

 χ2=58.133

 

 further

82(52.90)

143(77.72)

80(90.91)

29(87.88)

34(89.47)

368(73.90)

  p<0.001

 

H-voca (N(%))

       
 

 formal employee

2(1.29)

6(3.26)

6(6.82)

2(6.06)

1(2.63)

17(3.41)

 χ2=22.244

 

 farmer

125(80.65)

131(71.20)

55(62.50)

19(57.58)

20(52.63)

350(70.28)

  p=0.004

 

 informal employee

28(18.06)

47(25.54)

27(30.68)

12(36.36)

17(44.74)

131(26.31)

Zhejiang

H-num

79

82

85

89

59

394

 
 

H-size (N(%))

       
 

 1-3 members

68(86.08)

43(52.44)

21(24.71)

23(25.84)

9(15.25)

164(41.62)

 χ2=104.210

 

 4 members and more

11(13.92)

39(47.56)

64(75.29)

66(74.16)

50(84.75)

230(58.38)

p<0.001

 

H-expend (N(%))

       
 

 Less than ¥10,000

65(82.28)

13(15.85)

1(1.18)

0(0.00)

0(0.00)

79(20.05)

 χ2=398.122

 

 ¥10,000–30,000

9(11.39)

63(76.83)

70(82.35)

35(39.33)

5(8.47)

182(46.19)

p<0.001

 

 ¥30,000 and more

6(6.33)

6(7.32)

14(16.47)

54(60.67)

54(91.53)

133(33.76)

 

H-aged (N(%))

       
 

 0

11(13.92)

34(41.46)

37(43.53)

53(59.55)

24(40.68)

159(40.36)

 χ2=40.031

 

 1

32(40.51)

18(21.95)

18(21.18)

18(20.22)

18(30.51)

104(26.40)

p<0.001

 

 2 and more

36(45.57)

30(36.59)

30(35.29)

18(20.22)

17(28.81)

131(33.25)

 

Edu-level (N(%))

       
 

 primary school

62(78.48)

27(32.93)

17(20.00)

3(3.37)

2(3.39)

111(28.71)

 χ2=147.491

 

 further

17(21.52)

55(67.07)

68(80.00)

86(96.63)

57(96.61)

283(71.83)

p<0.001

 

H-voca (N(%))

       
 

 formal employee

0(0.00)

7(8.54)

8(9.41)

11(12.36)

5(8.47)

31(7.87)

 χ2=18.157

 

 farmer

58(73.42)

46(56.10)

46(54.12)

43(48.31)

28(47.46)

221(56.09)

p=0.020

 

 informal employee

21(26.58)

29(35.37)

31(36.47)

35(39.33)

26(44.07)

142(36.04)

  1. *α = 0.05