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Table 1 The Pap smear utilization by demographic characteristics among women with visual impairments, with t-test and Chi-square significance indicated

From: The utilization and barriers of Pap smear among women with visual impairment

Variables

No experience

n = 106 (%)

Ever using

n = 210 (%)

Chi-square/t-test

Demographic characteristics

Age (n = 316)

41.44 ± 15.60

49.95 ± 8.85

−5.210***

 15 ~ 29

36 (34.0)

6 (2.9)

59.139***

 30 ~ 64

70 (66.0)

204 (97.1)

 

Marriage (n = 306)

 Married

50 (48.1)

171 (84.7)

75.701***

 Unmarried

50 (48.1)

12 (5.9)

 

 Others

4 (3.8)

19 (9.4)

 

Education (n = 292)

   

 Elementary school diploma and lower

22 (22.4)

77 (39.7)

15.913***

 High school diploma

54 (34.8)

101 (52.1)

 

 University and higher

22 (55.2)

16 (8.2)

 

Employee status (n = 306)

   

 No

66 (63.5)

174 (86.1)

33.857***

 Yes

25 (24.0)

28 (13.9)

 

 Student

13 (12.5)

0 (0.0)

 

Severity of disability (n = 316)

 Mild

32 (30.2)

95 (45.2)

6.641*

 Moderate

37 (34.9)

57 (27.1)

 

 Severe

37 (34.9)

58 (27.7)

 

The causes of disability (n = 292)

 Inborn (congenital)

41 (39.8)

49 (25.9)

101.93***

 Acquired

62 (60.2)

140 (74.1)

 

Gynecology experiences (n = 313)

 No

43 (41.0)

3 (1.4)

101.93***

 Ever: before 1 year

39 (37.1)

66 (31.7)

 

 Ever: during 1 year

23 (21.9)

139 (66.9)

 

Prefer gynecologist with female (n = 306)

 No

38 (37.3)

93 (45.6)

1.929

 Yes

64 (62.7)

111 (54.4)

 

Main care giver (n = 312)

 Care-self

6 (5.8)

6 (2.9)

74.845***

 Mother and sisters

49 (47.1)

14 (6.7)

 

 Daughter and daughter in law

26 (25.0)

91 (43.8)

 

 Husband

19 (18.3)

81 (38.9)

 

 Others

4 (3.8)

16 (7.7)

 

Did you get any suggestions about pap smear from caregiver (n = 275)

 No

67 (80.7)

149 (77.6)

0.334

 Yes

16 (19.3)

43 (22.4)

 
  1. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001