Utilization of tooth filling services by people with disabilities in Taiwan

Chen, Ming-Chuan; Kung, Pei-Tseng; Su, Hsun-Pi; Yen, Suh-May; Chiu, Li-Ting; Tsai, Wen-Chen

doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0347-3

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 1 The tooth filling utilization among people with disabilities: basic characteristics and bivariate analysis

From: Utilization of tooth filling services by people with disabilities in Taiwan

					Did not use		Used
Variables			Total	%	N	%	N	%	p-value
Overall rate of use			933,487		769,869	82.47	163,618	17.53
Gender									<0.001*
	Female		386,470	41.40	312,284	80.80	74,186	19.20
	Male		547,017	58.60	457,585	83.65	89,432	16.35
Age									<0.001*
	<20 years		79,290	8.49	58,567	73.86	20,723	26.14
	20–24 years		30,235	3.24	23,740	78.52	6,495	21.48
	25–29 years		41,815	4.48	33,296	79.63	8,519	20.37
	30–34 years		44,714	4.79	36,249	81.07	8,465	18.93
	35–39 years		53,901	5.77	44,191	81.99	9,710	18.01
	40–44 years		73,354	7.86	60,246	82.13	13,108	17.87
	45–49 years		97,836	10.48	80,184	81.96	17,652	18.04
	50–54 years		98,301	10.53	80,820	82.22	17,481	17.78
	55–59 years		92,438	9.90	76,513	82.77	15,925	17.23
	60–64 years		73,382	7.86	61,112	83.28	12,270	16.72
	65–69 years		81,554	8.74	68,799	84.36	12,755	15.64
	70–74 years		82,694	8.86	71,648	86.64	11,046	13.36
	≥75 years		83,973	9.00	74,504	88.72	9,469	11.28
average age (mean, SD)			49.98	18.97	50.76	18.73	46.27	19.66
Educational level									<0.001*
	Elementary school and under		395,409	42.36	339,179	85.78	56,230	14.22
	Junior high school		160,067	17.15	132,981	83.08	27,086	16.92
	Senior (vocational) high school		170,568	18.27	134,799	79.03	35,769	20.97
	Junior college and university or above		78,672	8.43	57,953	73.66	20,719	26.34
	Unclear		128,771	13.79	104,957	81.51	23,814	18.49
Marital status									<0.001*
	Married		421,340	45.14	348,931	82.81	72,409	17.19
	Unmarried		235,128	25.19	189,964	80.79	45,164	19.21
	Divorced or widowed		31,110	3.33	25,891	83.22	5,219	16.78
	Unclear		245,909	26.34	205,083	83.40	40,826	16.60
Aboriginal status									<0.001*
	No		915,624	98.09	754,092	82.36	161,532	17.64
	Yes		17,863	1.91	15,777	88.32	2,086	11.68
Urbanization of residence area^a									<0.001*
	Level 1		171,415	18.36	134,078	78.22	37,337	21.78
	Level 2		239,908	25.70	192,884	80.40	47,024	19.60
	Level 3		178,416	19.11	147,534	82.69	30,882	17.31
	Level 4		178,728	19.15	151,507	84.77	27,221	15.23
	Level 5		36,456	3.91	32,053	87.92	4,403	12.08
	Level 6		66,598	7.13	58,017	87.12	8,581	12.88
	Level 7		61,966	6.64	53,796	86.82	8,170	13.18
Premium-based monthly salary (NT$)									<0.001*
	Dependent population		312,480	33.47	257,249	82.32	55,231	17.68
	≤17,280		262,965	28.17	220,503	83.85	42,462	16.15
	17,281–22,800		253,096	27.11	212,029	83.77	41,067	16.23
	22,801–28,800		35,726	3.83	27,978	78.31	7,748	21.69
	28,801–36,300		24,772	2.65	19,049	76.90	5,723	23.10
	36,301–45,800		26,214	2.81	19,857	75.75	6,357	24.25
	≥45,801		18,234	1.95	13,204	72.41	5,030	27.59
Low-income household									<0.001*
	No		877,491	94.00	722,409	82.33	155,082	17.67
	Yes		55,996	6.00	47,460	84.76	8,536	15.24
Catastrophic injury or disease									<0.001*
	No		642,516	68.83	534,430	83.18	108,086	16.82
	Yes		290,971	31.17	235,439	80.91	55,532	19.09
Relevant chronic diseases
	Cancer								<0.001*
		No	884,359	94.74	730,664	82.62	153,695	17.38
		Yes	49,128	5.26	39,205	79.80	9,923	20.20
	Endocrine and metabolic disease								0.001*
		No	664,445	71.18	547,440	82.39	117,005	17.61
		Yes	269,042	28.82	222,429	82.67	46,613	17.33
	Mental illness								<0.001*
		No	668,022	71.56	557,214	83.41	110,808	16.59
		Yes	265,465	28.44	212,655	80.11	52,810	19.89
	Disease of the nervous system								<0.001*
		No	789,656	84.59	652,148	82.59	137,508	17.41
		Yes	143,831	15.41	117,721	81.85	26,110	18.15
	Disease of the circulatory system								<0.001*
		No	589,991	63.20	481,890	81.68	108,101	18.32
		Yes	343,496	36.80	287,979	83.84	55,517	16.16
	Disease of the respiratory system								<0.001*
		No	782,423	83.82	649,470	83.01	132,953	16.99
		Yes	151,064	16.18	120,399	79.70	30,665	20.30
	Disease of the digestive system								<0.001*
		No	682,929	73.16	568,242	83.21	114,687	16.79
		Yes	250,558	26.84	201,627	80.47	48,931	19.53
	Disease of the urinary system								<0.001*
		No	869,390	93.13	716,469	82.41	152,921	17.59
		Yes	64,097	6.87	53,400	83.31	10,697	16.69
	Disease of the skeletal and muscular system and connective tissue								<0.001*
		No	692,897	74.23	577,247	83.31	115,650	16.69
		Yes	240,590	25.77	192,622	80.06	47,968	19.94
	Disease of the eyes and auxiliary organs								<0.001*
		No	856,755	91.78	709,338	82.79	147,417	17.21
		Yes	76,732	8.22	60,531	78.89	16,201	21.11
	Infectious diseases								<0.001*
		No	905,982	97.05	747,844	82.55	158,138	17.45
		Yes	27,505	2.95	22,025	80.08	5,480	19.92
	Congenital malformation								<0.001*
		No	912,276	97.73	753,770	82.63	158,506	17.37
		Yes	21,211	2.27	16,099	75.90	5,112	24.10
	Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders								<0.001*
		No	866,628	92.84	716,390	82.66	150,238	17.34
		Yes	66,859	7.16	53,479	79.99	13,380	20.01
	Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs								<0.001*
		No	902,629	96.69	744,849	82.52	157,780	17.48
		Yes	30,858	3.31	25,020	81.08	5,838	18.92
	Diseases of the ear and mastoid process								<0.001*
		No	885,954	94.91	732,903	82.72	153,051	17.28
		Yes	47,533	5.09	36,966	77.77	10,567	22.23
	Others								<0.001*
		No	821,048	87.95	681,738	83.03	139,310	16.97
		Yes	112,439	12.05	88,131	78.38	24,308	21.62
Type of disability									<0.001*
	Visual impairment		46,201	4.95	38,131	82.53	8,070	17.47
	Hearing impediment		85,252	9.13	67,004	78.60	18,248	21.40
	Speech impediment		12,539	1.34	10,210	81.43	2,329	18.57
	Limb impediment		349,790	37.47	292,704	83.68	57,086	16.32
	Mental retardation		94,627	10.14	78,660	83.13	15,967	16.87
	Multiple impediments		90,649	9.71	78,549	86.65	12,100	13.35
	Major organ malfunction		105,927	11.35	85,828	81.03	20,099	18.97
	Facial disfigurement		4,349	0.47	3,505	80.59	844	19.41
	Dementia		16,441	1.76	14,766	89.81	1,675	10.19
	Autism		9,155	0.98	6,484	70.82	2,671	29.18
	Chromosomal abnormalities		2,102	0.23	1,645	78.26	457	21.74
	Congenital metabolic disorders		611	0.07	389	63.67	222	36.33
	Congenital defect		1,106	0.12	836	75.59	270	24.41
	Mental illness		106,442	11.40	84,672	79.55	21,770	20.45
	Impaired balance		2,733	0.29	2,284	83.57	449	16.43
	Refractory epilepsy		4,153	0.44	3,148	75.80	1,005	24.20
	Rare diseases		1,410	0.15	1,054	74.75	356	25.25
Severity of disability									<0.001*
	Mild		354,883	38.02	282,016	79.47	72,867	20.53
	Moderate		317,526	34.02	262,009	82.52	55,517	17.48
	Severe		158,648	17.00	137,106	86.42	21,542	13.58
	Very severe		102,430	10.97	88,738	86.63	13,692	13.37

^aLevel one: the most urbanized areas
*p < 0.05

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