Table 4 Comparisons of adverse childhood experiences and family dysfunction among MSM with a lower and higher level of psychological distress
Adverse childhood experiences and family dysfunction | Total | Total GHQ-12 score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 394) | ≤3 (n = 241) | >3 (n = 153) | p-value* | |
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) | ||||
 Physically hurt that needed medical care | 90 (22.8) | 42 (17.4) | 48 (31.4) | 0.001 |
 Family member said hurtful or insulting things to me | 134 (34.0) | 64 (26.6) | 70 (45.8) | <0.001 |
 Someone touched me in a sexual way | 55 (14.0) | 24 (10.0) | 31 (20.3) | 0.004 |
 Had someone to take care of or protected me | 376 (95.4) | 232 (96.3) | 144 (94.1) | 0.32 |
 Someone in family made me feel that I was loved | 377 (95.7) | 235 (97.5) | 142 (92.8) | 0.03 |
Family dysfunction | ||||
 Parent or guardian had been physically abused | 70 (17.8) | 24 (10.0) | 46 (30.1) | <0.001 |
 Family member had a drinking problem/drug user | 115 (29.2) | 64 (26.6) | 51 (33.3) | 0.15 |
 Family member had been depressed/mentally ill | 66 (16.8) | 18 (7.5) | 48 (31.4) | <0.001 |
 Parents ever been separated or divorced | 54 (35.3) | 70 (29.0) | 54 (35.3) | 0.19 |
 Family member had been to prison | 12 (3.0) | 8 (3.3) | 4 (2.6) | 0.69 |