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Table 3 Relative risks (adjusted for age and gender) of mortality from four broad causes: follow-up 12-year mortality data from the 1998 and 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

From: Socioeconomic Inequality in mortality using 12-year follow-up data from nationally representative surveys in South Korea

 

Number of subjects

Cancer deaths

Cardiovascular deaths

External deaths

Deaths from other causes

Number of deaths

RR (95 % CI)

Number of deaths

RR (95 % CI)

Number of deaths

RR (95 % CI)

Number of deaths

RR (95 % CI)

Education

         

High school or higher

5269

94

1.00 (reference)

50

1.00 (reference)

42

1.00 (reference)

72

1.00 (reference)

Middle school

1625

46

0.95 (0.64–1.42)

43

1.68 (1.07–2.65)

25

1.60 (0.89–2.88)

43

1.14 (0.75–1.73)

Elementary school or lower

3243

185

1.42 (0.97–2.09)

205

1.31 (0.84–2.04)

68

1.30 (0.71–2.37)

346

1.50 (1.02–2.20)

Occupation

         

Non-manual

1328

9

1.00 (reference)

6

1.00 (reference)

3

1.00 (reference)

3

1.00 (reference)

Manual

5010

167

2.25 (1.08–4.70)

102

2.07 (0.82–5.23)

79

6.01 (1.69–21.37)

144

5.31 (1.50–18.84)

Other

3799

149

3.03 (1.40–6.55)

190

3.23 (1.25–8.38)

53

5.50 (1.49–20.39)

314

9.06 (2.54–32.33)

Occupational class

         

High/middle-high/middle class

2617

48

1.00 (reference)

18

1.00 (reference)

23

1.00 (reference)

32

1.00 (reference)

Laborers

1467

20

0.69 (0.39–1.21)

17

1.94 (0.95–3.99)

17

1.36 (0.69–2.69)

17

1.13 (0.59–2.19)

Agricultural/fishery/self-employed

799

76

1.56 (0.97–2.50)

44

1.37 (0.71–2.66)

27

1.10 (0.53–2.29)

60

1.04 (0.60–1.78)

Low social class

1509

91

1.47 (0.97–2.23)

82

2.13 (1.13–4.04)

33

1.42 (0.70–2.86)

141

2.10 (1.30–3.39)

Other

3745

90

1.58 (0.96–2.61)

137

2.32 (1.18–4.56)

35

0.91 (0.42–1.94)

211

2.01 (1.19–3.41)

Monthly household income (USD)

        

≥3000

925

17

1.00 (reference)

10

1.00 (reference)

1

1.00 (reference)

19

1.00 (reference)

2000–2999

1713

32

1.01 (0.51–1.97)

30

1.67 (0.76–3.69)

14

8.57 (1.11–65.98)

31

1.01 (0.55–1.85)

1000–1999

4019

96

1.26 (0.69–2.30)

66

1.65 (0.78–3.49)

42

9.24 (1.27–67.19)

121

1.38 (0.80–2.35)

<1000

3480

180

1.31 (0.71–2.45)

192

2.33 (1.08–5.03)

78

13.72 (1.90–99.09)

290

1.81 (1.05–3.15)

Equivalized income quintile

         

I (highest)

1914

37

1.00 (reference)

24

1.00 (reference)

11

1.00 (reference)

44

1.00 (reference)

II

2128

43

1.09 (0.67–1.79)

36

1.69 (0.95–2.98)

15

1.30 (0.56-3.02)

37

0.70 (0.44–1.09)

III

1965

44

1.13 (0.67–1.88)

38

1.56 (0.88–2.76)

24

1.79 (0.82-3.92)

65

1.09 (0.69–1.73)

IV

2137

74

1.24 (0.79–1.94)

74

2.01 (1.17–3.46)

40

2.50 (1.16-5.36)

110

1.53 (1.04–2.26)

V (lowest)

1993

127

1.37 (0.89–2.10)

126

1.90 (1.13–3.19)

45

1.97 (0.91-4.24)

205

1.51 (1.04–2.20)

Self-rated living standard

         

Rich or higher

368

8

1.00 (reference)

11

1.00 (reference)

2

1.00 (reference)

17

1.00 (reference)

Fair

5768

147

1.40 (0.66–2.99)

126

0.87 (0.41–1.86)

67

2.58 (0.56-11.97)

180

0.79 (0.45–1.39)

Poor

3318

135

1.71 (0.79–3.70)

111

1.05 (0.48–2.30)

47

2.12 (0.45-9.98)

203

1.23 (0.70–2.14)

Very poor

683

35

1.87 (0.82–4.28)

50

1.59 (0.71–3.57)

19

5.35 (1.07-26.86)

61

1.39 (0.76–2.55)

  1. USD US dollars; RR relative risk; CI confidence interval