Country | Type of transfer logic | Calculation logic to determine state budget transfer amounts | Financing source of government revenue transfers | Social Security Funds as % of GGHE (2013) [15] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | base for calculating government transfer is per capita health care expenditure during the previous year [41] | central government budget [31] | 74.1 | |
Bosnia & Herzegovina | Federation: per capita (for unemployed) Republika Srpska: per capita [61] | Federation: n/a Republika Srpska: contributions from the entity budget may not be less than the average per person contribution from the previous year [61] | unemployed entitled to benefits: Unemployment Fund all other exempted: entity budget [61] | 97.5 |
Bulgaria | per capita [38] | unemployed entitled to benefits: 8 % of the unemployment benefit (needs to be between the minimum and maximum income basis for insurance contributions), others: 8 % of a predefined minimum income basis for insurance contributions [38] | unemployed entitled to benefits: Unemployment Fund all other exempted: central government budget [38] | 76.4 |
Georgia (MIP) | per capita [21] | contribution is determined through a tender process where insurance companies propose a contribution at which they would provide insurance covering a predefined benefit package; the insurance company with the lowest offer is selected [21] | central government budget two regions fund additional beneficiaries out of their regional government budgets [21] | 68.8 |
Kyrgyzstan | per capita [63] | base for calculation is 1.5 times the minimum wage [63] | central government budget [63]; share of government transfers as of SHI revenues: 78 % (includes funding for the state guaranteed benefit package for all) [48] | 64.1 |
Lithuania | per capita [75] | up to 36 % of the average gross monthly wage lagged by 2 years [76] Counter-cyclical measures of compulsory health insurance contributions made by the state on behalf of the unemployed and economically inactive people | central government budget [77]; share of government transfers as of SHI revenues: 48 % (calculated by the authors based on data from [76] | 85.1 |
Montenegro | per capita [68] | unemployed entitled to benefits: 7.5 % of the unemployment benefit | unemployed entitled to benefits: unemployment fund: | 89.3 |
Republic of Moldova | lump-sum [26] | at least 12.1 % of the total government budget (annually) [26] | central government budget [26] share of government transfers as of total SHI budget: 55 % [78] | 85.0 |
Romania | women on maternity leave, people on sick leave, the unemployed, recipients of social assistance, prisoners: per capita [24] others: n/a | woman on maternity leave, women on leave to take care of children < 2 years (<3 years if disabled), prisoners: 6.5 % of the sum representing the value of two national minimum gross wages people on sick leave, unemployed, recipients of social assistance: 6.5 % of the sick leave, unemployment benefit or social assistance [24] others: n/a | women on maternity leave, prisoners, persons in military service: central government budget; people on sick leave: social security budget; unemployed: unemployment fund; recipients of social assistance: local government budget [24] all other exempted: n/a | 83.0 |
Russian Federation | lump- sum [27] | per-capita amount of transfers is not specified; decided by the government (budget contributions not enough to cover the costs of the exempted population considering that utilization is also much higher compared to the contributors) [19] | regional government budgets [27] | 38.9 |
Serbia | per capita [61] | 15.9 % of the average wage (the government not always gives adequate funding for the exempted) [61] | disabled people: Pension and Disability Fund; | 93.6 |
TFYR Macedonia | per capita [79] | unemployed entitled to benefits: 10 % of the benefit recipients of social assistance, prisoners, war invalids, families of fallen soldiers: 10 % of half the average wage all other exempted: 5.4 % of half the average wage [79] | the unemployed: unemployment fund all other exempted: central government budget [79] | 91.6 |
Turkey (Green Card Scheme) | lump-sum [23] | n/a | central government budget [23] | 64.1 |