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Table 10 OOP expenditure

From: State budget transfers to Health Insurance Funds for universal health coverage: institutional design patterns and challenges of covering those outside the formal sector in Eastern European high-income countries

Country

OOPs as % of THEa [48]

OOP expenditure as a share of household expenditure by income quintile/decile

(in the year after the introduction of the government budget transfers)

(in 2013)

Croatia

13.5 (1995)b

12.5

OOPs represent a heavy burden for some financially most vulnerable groups [50]

Czech Republic

5.2 (1993) [60]

15.7

Low OOPs distributed relatively evenly across household income decile [24]

Estonia

19.9 (2000)

18.9

People from lower quintiles spent proportionally more than those from higher quintiles. OOPs of 1st quintile almost exclusively spent on medicines. 5th quintile spent more on medicines and outpatient care.

1st income quintile: households with individuals 65Ā years or older or with disabilities or chronic diseases face an increasing risk of relatively high expenditure [16]

Hungary

10.9 (1991) [52]

27.5

2008:

1st income quintile: 7.3Ā % of income spent on OOPs (compared to 6.1Ā % in 2005)

5th income quintile: 2.5Ā % of income spent on OPPs (compared to 2.2Ā % in 2005) [43]

Poland

29.9 (2000)

22.8

n/a

Slovakia

11.5 (1995)

22.1

Increase in OOPs due to user fee introduction and higher co-payments in 2003 affected the poor much more than the wealthy [22]

Slovenia

11.2 (1995)c

12.2

n/a

  1. aData taken from the Global Health Expenditure Database
  2. bData for 1994 was not found and the Global Health Expenditure Database provides data starting with 1995
  3. cData for 1993 was not found and the Global Health Expenditure Database provides data starting with 1995