Table 1 Demographics and covariates at baseline for the whole sample and across gender
Demographics and covariates at baseline | Whole sample N = 201 | Girls N = 92 | Boys N = 109 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (baseline) M (SD) | 15.3 (0.3) | 15.3 (0.3) | 15.4 (0.3) | 0.017 |
Education of participants | ||||
 Elementary education | 19 % (38) | 14 % (13) | 23 % (25) | 0.11 |
 Vocational studies | 13 % (27) | 5 % (5) | 20 % (22) | 0.002 |
 Matriculation examination | 49 % (99) | 61 % (56) | 39 % (43) | 0.002 |
 University degree | 12 % (24) | 12 % (11) | 12 % (13) | 1.00 |
 Other | 7 % (13) | 8 % (7) | 6 % (6) | 0.55 |
Mother’s education status | ||||
 Elementary education | 23 % (45) | 21 % (19) | 24 % (26) |  |
 Secondary education | 37 % (74) | 38 % (35) | 36 % (39) | 0.86* |
 University degree | 40 % (80) | 41 % (37) | 40 % (43) |  |
Father’s education status | ||||
 Elementary education | 19 % (37) | 20 % (18) | 18 % (19) | 0.74* |
 Secondary education | 51 % (101) | 50 % (45) | 52 % (56) | |
 University degree | 30 % (61) | 30 % (28) | 30 % (30) | |
Neighborhood characteristics | ||||
 Capital area | 50 % (100) | 50 % (46) | 49  % (54) | 0.95 |
 Urban/ Rural | 50 % (101) | 50 % (46) | 51 % (55) | |
Psychological factors | ||||
 Self-esteem (baseline) M (SD) | 21.7 (5.6) | 21.0 (5.7) | 22.3 (5.5) | 0.12 |
 Depression (baseline) M (SD) | 15.5 (6.0) | 16.8 (7.2) | 14.4 (4.6) | 0.008 |