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Table 2 The effects of Roma ethnicity on poor self-rated health among Roma and non-Roma adolescents adjusted for discrimination, mother’s and father’s social support, and hopelessness, and adjusted for age, gender, parental education attainments and social desirability in six multilevel regression models, leading to odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) with the locality on the second level

From: The mediating effect of discrimination, social support and hopelessness on self-rated health of Roma adolescents in Slovakia

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Model 6

 

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

Roma vs. non-Roma

3.45 (2.43 – 4.87) ***

3.02 (2.12 – 4.32) ***

4.26 (2.99 – 6.06) ***

3.12 (2.17 – 4.46) ***

3.43 (2.33 – 5.05) ***

2.69 (1.51 – 4.78) **

Discrimination

2.12 (1.40 – 3.21) ***

1.89 (1.26 – 2.82) **

  

1.69 (1.12 – 2.55) *

1.59 (1.05 – 2.43) *

Mother‘s social support

0.89 (0.86 – 0.94) ***

 

0.91 (0.86 – 0.97) **

 

0.93 (0.87 – 0.98) *

0.93 (0.87 – 0.99) *

Father‘s social support

0.93 (0.89 – 0.97) **

 

0.95 (0.91 – 0.99) *

 

0.96 (0.91 – 1.00)

0.96 (0.92 – 1.01)

Hopelessness

1.30 (1.15 – 1.47) ***

  

1.26 (1.12 – 1.42) ***

1.20 (1.06 – 1.36) **

1.21 (1.07 – 1.37) **

Age in years

0.89 (0.73 – 1.09)

    

0.89 (0.73 – 1.09)

Gender (Male vs. Female)

0.67 (0.49 – 0.93) *

    

0.68 (0.49 – 0.94) *

Parental education

      

Elementary

(reference) ***

    

(reference)

Apprenticeship

0.71 (0.45 – 1.13)

    

0.90 (0.55 – 1.45)

Secondary

0.33 (0.20 – 0.55) ***

    

0.64 (0.34 – 1.18)

University

0.23 (0.13 – 0.40) ***

    

0.54 (0.27 – 1.10)

Social desirability

0.92 (0.80 – 1.06)

    

0.89 (0.77 – 1.03)

Reduction of OR for Roma ethnicity after adjustment, compared to Model 1

---

17.55

-33.06

13.47

0.82

31.02

  1. Model 1: Crude effect of each variable separately on self-rated health
  2. Model 2: Effect of Roma ethnicity on self-rated health adjusted for discrimination
  3. Model 3: Effect of Roma ethnicity on self-rated health adjusted for mother’s and father’s social support
  4. Model 4: Effect of Roma ethnicity on self-rated health adjusted for hopelessness
  5. Model 5 Effect of Roma ethnicity on self-rated health adjusted for discrimination, mother’s and father’s social support and hopelessness
  6. Model 6: Effect of Roma ethnicity on self-rated health adjusted for discrimination, mother’s and father’s social support and hopelessness and controlled for age, gender, parental education, and social desirability
  7. ***p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05