Reference year
|
2008
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
2007
|
2009
|
Sustainable funding
|
HC system
|
SHI
|
SHI
|
SHI
|
SHI
|
SHI
|
SHI
|
SHI
|
SHI
|
TPE in % of THE
|
33.4 % (0.0 pp)
|
20.4 % (-4.4 pp)
|
32.5 % (+1.5 pp)
|
19.4 % (-2.6 pp)
|
22.9 % (-4.3 pp)
|
25.0 % (-3.2 pp)
|
19.6 % (-1.1 pp)
|
26.6 % (-3.2 pp)
|
TPE share (CEE-10 comparison)
|
+9.0 pp
|
−4.0 pp
|
+6.7 pp
|
−5.0 pp
|
−1.5 pp
|
+0.6 pp
|
- 6.0 pp
|
+3.2 pp
|
TPE per capita
|
€ 109.9 (+50.3 %)
|
€ 205.6 (+17.1 %)
|
€ 229.4 (+0.8 %)
|
€ 134.3 (+66.6 %)
|
€ 134.5 (+11.7 %)
|
€ 92.2 (+59.1 %)
|
€ 264.0 (+12.0 %)
|
€ 283.5 (+56.6 %)
|
TPE/capita (CEE-10 comparison)
|
−39.1 %
|
+14.0 %
|
+35.3 %
|
−25.6 %
|
−16.5 %
|
−48.9 %
|
+56.9 %
|
+47.0 %
|
Affordability
|
Private HE/THE
|
41.8 % (+6.5 %)
|
17.5 % (+37.5 %)
|
34.3 % (+13.5 %)
|
37.4 % (-12.7 %)
|
28.2 % (-6.0 %)
|
18.0 % (-6.2 %)
|
28.1 % (+4.6 %)
|
34.3 % (+8.3 %)
|
Private HE/THE (CEE-10 compar.)
|
+13.6 pp
|
−10.8 pp
|
+4.7 pp
|
+9.2 pp
|
- 0.1 pp
|
−10.3 pp
|
−2.2 pp
|
+4.0 pp
|
Private PE/TPE
|
81.7 % (+4.8 %)
|
38.4 % (+56.9 %)
|
51.6 % (37.7 %)
|
62.2 % (-9.4 %)
|
61.4 % (0 %)
|
55.0 % (+4.8 %)
|
40.1 % (+2.9 %)
|
30.2 % (+11.3 %)
|
Private PE/TPE (CEE-10 comp.)
|
+27.8 pp
|
−15.5 pp
|
−2.9 pp
|
+8.3 pp
|
+7.8 pp
|
+1.2 pp
|
−13.7 pp
|
−25.2 pp
|
Informal pays
|
Yes, extensive
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes, extensive
|
Yes
|
Yes, large scale
|
No
|
Yes
|
Medicine prices
|
n.a.
|
€ 5.09 (-71.4 %)
|
€ 6.91 (-61.2 %)
|
€ 4.23 (-76.2 %)
|
€ 4.54 (-74.5 %)
|
n.a.
|
€ 12.34 (-30.8 %)
|
n.a.
|
Co-pays (out-patient)
|
No PF
|
PF
|
PF
|
No PF
|
PF for some indications
|
No PF
|
No PF
|
PF
|
%: 0 %, >25 %, >50 %
|
No fixed R rates
|
%: 0 %, 10 %, 30 %; 25 %, 45 %, 75 %
|
%: 0 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 25 %
|
%: 0 %, 30 %, 50 %
|
%: 0 %, 10 %, 50 %
|
%: 0 %, 25 %, 75 %
|
%: no fixed R rates
|
No D
|
No D
|
No D
|
No D
|
No D
|
No D
|
No D
|
No D
|
Changes in co-pays
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes, increase
|
No, but planned (90 % R rate to be abolished)
|
No since mid-1990-ties
|
No
|
No
|
Yes, decrease in PF in 10/2006
|
Co-pay exempt.
|
None
|
None
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes, see comment
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
De-listings
|
No, see comment
|
Not known
|
Yes, see comment
|
See comment
|
Yes
|
See comment
|
No
|
No major delisting
|
Co-pays (in-patient)
|
No co-payment
|
No co-payment
|
No co-payment
|
No co-payment
|
No co-payment
|
No co-payment
|
No co-payment
|
No co-payment
|
VAT on medicines
|
20 % (20 %)
|
9 % (19 %)
|
5 % (20 %)
|
5 % (18 %), planned increase from 1/2009
|
7 % (22)
|
9 % (19 %)
|
8.5 % (20 %)
|
10 % (19 %)
|
OTC market
|
22 %
|
26.8 %
|
15.8 %
|
n.a.
|
25.8 %
|
22.4 %
|
6.7 %
|
25.8 %
|
Availability and accessibility
|
No. of medicines
|
5,8302006
|
7,8802006
|
5,525 2006
|
n.a.
|
(8,0892005)
|
6,7112007
|
2,7912006
|
19,693 November 2006
|
4,4812006
|
4,1302006
|
3,1442006
|
5,7142007
|
4,2752006
|
≈4,0002007
|
n.a.
|
19,320November 2006
|
1,598
|
6,9882006
|
2,8862006
|
2,3372007
|
2,7492006
|
5,7912007
|
2,6602006
|
17,804November 2006
|
See comment
| |
See comment
|
See comment
|
See comment
|
See comment
|
See comment
|
See comment
|
Pharmacies
|
4,299/1,7952006
|
2,520/4,0962007
|
≈2,500/≈4,0002010
|
899/2,2092007
|
10,632/3,5852007
|
5,660/3,7332007
|
271/7,3842005
|
1,523/3,528Oct. 2006
|
OTC sale outside pharmacies permitted
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
Yes, but pharmacist must be present
|
Yes
|
No
|
Rational selection and use of medicines
|
INN prescribing
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, indicative
|
Generic substitution
|
No, not allowed
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, obligatory
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, indicative
|
Yes, obligatory
|
Ref. price syst.
|
Yes, ATC 5
|
Yes, ATC 4 + 5
|
Yes, ATC 4 + 5
|
Yes, ATC 3,4 + 5
|
Yes, ATC 3,4 + 5
|
Yes, ATC 5
|
Yes, ATC 4
|
Yes, ATC 4 + 5
|
Generic market
|
See comment
|
55 %/35 %2005
|
42 %/26 %2005
|
No data
|
No data
|
≈70 %/≈40 %e
|
70 %/38 %2005
|
65 %/48 %2005
|
Prescription monitoring
|
Yes, but limited
|
Yes
|
Yes, but limitations in enforcement
|
Yes
|
Yes, but limitations in enforcement
|
Yes, but limitations in enforcement
|
Yes
|
Yes
|