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Table 1 General characteristics

From: Health care utilization and costs among medical-aid enrollees, the poor not enrolled in medical-aid, and the near poor in South Korea

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Unit: N (%)

Variables

Total (Nā€‰=ā€‰2,784)

Medical-Aid (Nā€‰=ā€‰1,036)

Poor not enrolled in Medical-Aid (Nā€‰=ā€‰1,325)

The near poor (Nā€‰=ā€‰523)

p-value

Gender

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

0.2586

ā€‰ā€‰Male

956

375(36.2)

444(33.5)

137(32.4)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰Female

1,828

661(63.8)

881(66.5)

286(67.6)

Ā 

Age

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

<.0001

ā€‰ā€‰20ā€‰~ā€‰39

213

124(12.0)

62(4.7)

27(6.4)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰40ā€‰~ā€‰64

672

411(39.7)

180(13.6)

81(19.1)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰ā‰„65

1,899

501(48.4)

1,083(81.7)

315(74.5)

Ā 

Education level

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

<.0001

ā€‰ā€‰Below elementary school

1,745

539(52.0)

938(70.8)

268(63.4)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰Middle/high school

813

383(37.0)

310(23.4)

120(28.4)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰Above university

226

114(11.0)

77(5.8)

35(8.3)

Ā 

Marital status

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

<.0001

ā€‰ā€‰Married

1,174

316(30.5)

652(49.2)

206(48.7)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰Single

274

186(18.0)

63(4.8)

25(5.9)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰Divorced or separated

1,328

531(51.3)

607(45.8)

190(44.9)

Ā 

Employment status

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

<.0001

ā€‰ā€‰Economically active

655

200(19.3)

310(23.4)

145(34.3)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰Inactive/unemployed

2,025

784(75.7)

981(74.0)

260(61.5)

Ā 

Self-rated health

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

<.0001

ā€‰ā€‰Good

1,366

468(45.2)

652(49.2)

246(58.2)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰Bad

1,418

568(54.8)

673(50.8)

177(41.8)

Ā 

Depression

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

0.0094

ā€‰ā€‰Yes

1,092

423(40.8)

531(40.1)

138(32.6)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰No

1,501

527(50.9)

723(54.6)

251(59.3)

Ā 

Disability

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

<.0001

ā€‰ā€‰Yes

625

343(33.1)

226(17.1)

56(13.2)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰No

2,159

693(66.9)

1,099(82.9)

367(86.8)

Ā 

Chronic disease

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

0.2184

ā€‰ā€‰Yes

2,303

867(83.7)

1,098(82.9)

338(79.9)

Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰No

481

169(16.3)

227(17.1)

85(20.1)

Ā 

Chronic conditionsĀ§

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€‰ā€‰Cancer

76

35(3.4)

28(2.1)

13(3.1)

0.1552

ā€‰ā€‰Arthritis, low back pain, disc

644

206(19.9)

348(26.3)

90(21.3)

0.0008

ā€‰ā€‰Gastritis, gastric ulcer

62

23(2.2)

31(2.3)

8(1.9)

0.8623

ā€‰ā€‰Diabetes mellitus

256

105(10.1)

118(8.9)

33(7.8)

0.3307

ā€‰ā€‰Hypertension

573

175(16.9)

298(22.5)

100(23.6)

0.0009

ā€‰ā€‰Stroke

112

34(3.3)

60(4.5)

18(4.3)

0.2998

ā€‰ā€‰Myocardial infarction

97

30(2.9)

47(3.5)

20(4.7)

0.2199

  1. Ā§each rate of chronic conditions is calculated by group