Table 3 Bivariate^a and multivariate-adjusted^b odds of high risk (≥20 %) of developing diabetes in the next 10 years, according to individual-level education, income, and food security, from a multinomial logistic regression model compared to low-risk (≤ %)

Highest level of household education

Less than secondary

4.18 (3.10-5.68), p < 0.0001*

3.10 (2.19-4.40), p < 0.0001*

2.47 (1.72-3.53), p < 0.0001*

2.17 (1.42-3.32), p = 0.0004*

Secondary graduation

2.80 (2.22-3.53), p < 0.0001*

2.84 (2.20-3.67), p < 0.0001*

2.18 (1.71-2.76), p < 0.0001*

2.22 (1.66-2.98), p < 0.0001*

Some post-secondary

1.92 (1.24-2.98), p = 0.0037*

2.11 (1.29-3.46), p = 0.0029*

1.34 (0.93-1.92), p = 0.1182

1.43 (0.94-2.18), p = 0.0974

Post-secondary grad

Reference

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Household income quintile

Quintile 1 (lowest)

3.67 (2.84-4.74), p < 0.0001*

1.37 (1.01-1.86), p = 0.0418*

2.92 (2.24-3.79), p < 0.0001*

1.15 (0.84-1.57), p = 0.3818

Quintile 2

2.36 (1.81-3.09), p < 0.0001*^,¥

1.38 (1.02-1.87), p = 0.0346*

3.28 (2.54-4.23), p < 0.0001*^,¥

1.63 (1.21-2.19), p = 0.0013*

Quintile 3

1.97 (1.51-2.57), p < 0.0001*

1.38 (1.04-1.85), p = 0.0280*

1.95 (1.54-2.47), p < 0.0001*

1.34 (1.02-1.77), p = 0.0353*

Quintile 4

1.50 (1.17-1.94), p < 0.0001*

1.36 (1.03-1.79), p = 0.0327*

1.86 (1.51-2.30), p < 0.0001*

1.57 (1.24-2.00), p = 0.0002*

Quintile 5 (highest)

Reference

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Food security

Food secure

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Moderately insecure

2.79 (2.01-3.86), p < 0.0001*

1.56 (1.08-2.27), p = 0.0194*

1.58 (1.09-2.30), p = 0.0161*

1.04 (0.62-1.74), p = 0.8839

Severely insecure

4.68 (3.25-6.74), p < 0.0001*

2.64 (1.78-3.92), p < 0.0001*

1.95 (1.29-2.97), p = 0.0017*

1.22 (0.71-2.10), p = 0.4815