Table 3 Gender differences in depression, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and malignant tumors by education level and period
From: Social inequality in morbidity, framed within the current economic crisis in Spain
Depression | Diabetes | Myocardial infarction | Malignant tumors | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003/2006 | M (%) | W (%) | sig. a | M (%) | W (%) | sig.a | M (%) | W (%) | sig.a | M (%) | W (%) | sig.a |
Illiterate, no diploma, or primary education | 4.2 | 11.4 | *** | 6.5 | 7.7 | 3.3 | 1.0 | *** | 2.4 | 3.7 | ** | |
Lower Secondary | 2.5 | 7.4 | *** | 2.8 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 0.4 | ** | 1.2 | 3.4 | *** | |
Upper Secondary | 2.5 | 4.7 | * | 2.4 | 3.8 | * | 1.5 | 0.2 | *** | 1.1 | 2.6 | ** |
Higher technical education | 1.9 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 0.1 | * | 0.6 | 1.9 | * | ||
University Studies | 1.5 | 3.4 | ** | 1.5 | 2.9 | ** | 1.2 | 0.3 | ** | 1.2 | 2.1 | * |
2009 | ||||||||||||
Illiterate, no diploma, or primary education | 6.8 | 17.3 | *** | 9.5 | 7.9 | 3.6 | 1.4 | *** | 2.0 | 4.6 | *** | |
Lower Secondary | 2.8 | 9.1 | *** | 2.9 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 0.5 | *** | 1.2 | 2.5 | ** | |
Upper Secondary | 2.8 | 7.2 | *** | 4.7 | 4.1 | 1.7 | 0.5 | ** | 2.1 | 2.1 | ||
Higher technical education | 3.5 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 1.2 | ||||
University Studies | 2.3 | 4.3 | ** | 2.4 | 1.2 | ** | 1.3 | 0.1 | *** | 2.1 | 2.9 | |
2011 | ||||||||||||
Illiterate, no diploma, or primary education | 8.2 | 24.9 | *** | 13.2 | 12.2 | 3.3 | 1.4 | ** | 2.3 | 3.7 | ||
Lower Secondary | 5.1 | 11.9 | *** | 5.9 | 4.5 | * | 2.0 | 0.5 | *** | 2.0 | 3.0 | * |
Upper Secondary | 4.8 | 7.5 | * | 4.8 | 2.0 | *** | 1.4 | 0.3 | * | 2.0 | 3.4 | |
Higher technical education | 2.3 | 5.6 | ** | 3.2 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | * | 2.3 | 2.2 | ||
University Studies | 2.0 | 4.5 | *** | 3.7 | 1.5 | *** | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 1.8 | ||