Determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditure on children: an analysis of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort

Table 2 Marginal effect of independent variables on the probability of expenditure on health care for children (N = 7308). The 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Pelotas, Brazil

	Marginal effect – Probability
	Medicine	Medical care	Laboratory tests and x-rays	Private health insurance
Family income	0.0551^a	0.0120^b	−0.0014 +	0.0047 +
Maternal education (at child’s birth)	0.0136^a	0.0034^b	0.0006 +	0.0057^b
Number of hospital visits	0.0490^a	- 0.0050 +	0.0008 +	0.0073 +
Number of people living in the household	−0.0201^a	−0.0055^b	−0.0010 +	−0.0001 +
Maternal age	0.0189^a	0.0014 +	−0.0048^b	0.0060 +
Squared maternal age	−0.0003^a	−0.0001 +	0.0001^b	−0.0001 +
Child’s weight	−0.0078^a	−0.0042^a	−0.0008 +	0.0020^a
Head of household – father	−0.0111 +	0.0122 +	0.0106 +	−0.0183 +
Head of household – mother	−0.0393^c	−0.0020 +	0.0110 +	0.0057+
Private health insurance	0.0791^a	0.0207^b	0.0095^c	-
Healthy mother	−0.0292^b	−0.0121 +	−0.0099^c	−0.0135 +
Healthy child	−0.1972^a	−0.0239^c	−0.0029 +	−0.0051 +
Birth weight (standardized)	0.0105^c	−0.0011 +	−0.0010 +	0.0091 +

Total of 7308 observations; 2436 observations over the three follow-ups examined (2436 × 3)
Significance achieved with a z-test
^aIndicates significance at 1 %; ^bat 5 %; ^cat 10 %; and + indicates the variable is not significant even at 10 %

ISSN: 1475-9276