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Table 4 Common barriers to specialist outpatient care by chronic condition and number of corresponding studies

From: A systematic review of barriers to optimal outpatient specialist services for individuals with prevalent chronic diseases: what are the unique and common barriers experienced by patients in high income countries?

Barrier

Reported in relation to:

Number of studies

CAN

AST

DEP

DIA

ISC

COP

ART

OST

STR

Total #

Oncology only (n = 53)

Other disease (n = 21)

Acceptability

 Decisional involvement

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

9

3

 Healthcare disparity by  patient demographics

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

9

22

11

 Health communication

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

16

4

 Professional-patient relations

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

    

5

12

1

Accessibility

 Parking

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

6

1

 Professional practice location

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

2

1

 Transport

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

3

1

Accommodation

 Appointments and scheduling

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

2

1

 Continuity of care

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

 

8

4

3

 Out of hours care

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

2

3

 Provider contact

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

1

2

 Wait times

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

6

1

Affordability

 General affordability

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

 

8

2

2

 Health insurance

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

 

8

5

3

 Medical fees

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

2

2

 Prescription fees

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

0

3

Availability

 Delays

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

3

2

 Service availability

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

4

1

Optimal care

 Consumer information

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

21

3

 Medical errors

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

1

1

 Patient care team, coordination

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

4

3

 Self care

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

3

1

 Service amenities

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

7

8

1

  1. CAN Cancer, AST Asthma, DEP Depression, DIA Diabetes, ISC Ischaemic heart disease, COP Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, ART Arthritis, OST Osteoporosis, STR Stroke