Men | Women | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 a | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 a | Model 3 a | Model 4 a | |||||||||
b | sig. | b | sig. | b | sig. | b | sig. | b | sig. | b | sig. | b | sig. | b | sig. | |
Intercept | 3.629 | *** | 3.620 | *** | 3.632 | *** | 3.693 | *** | 3.371 | *** | 3.364 | *** | 3.391 | *** | 3.601 | *** |
(1) Individual variables | ||||||||||||||||
Ageb | −0.002 | * | −0.007 | *** | −0.002 | * | −0.002 | * | −0.004 | *** | −0.010 | *** | −0.004 | *** | −0.004 | *** |
Employment status (ref. unemployed) | ||||||||||||||||
Employed | 0.272 | *** | 0.281 | *** | 0.268 | *** | 0.269 | *** | 0.157 | *** | 0.184 | *** | 0.159 | *** | 0.159 | *** |
Non-employed | 0.177 | *** | 0.175 | *** | 0.174 | *** | 0.175 | *** | 0.093 | *** | 0.117 | *** | 0.095 | *** | 0.095 | *** |
Employed × ageb | 0.004 | *** | 0.007 | *** | ||||||||||||
(2) Period variables | ||||||||||||||||
Change in real GDP growth ratec | 0.009 | * | 0.001 | −0.006 | 0.003 | |||||||||||
Change in unemploymentc | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.004 | ||||||||||||
Period (ref. 2005/2006) | ||||||||||||||||
2002 | −0.081 | ** | −0.085 | *** | ||||||||||||
2010 | −0.105 | * | −0.068 | * | ||||||||||||
(3) Context variables | ||||||||||||||||
Mean real GDP growth rateb | 0.009 | 0.013 | −0.017 | 0.014 | ||||||||||||
Mean unemployment rateb | −0.016 | * | −0.016 | * | −0.006 | −0.014 | ||||||||||
Employed × mean unemployment rateb | - | - | −0.007 | * | −0.006 | * | ||||||||||
Variance | ||||||||||||||||
(3) Country | 0.018 | * | 0.019 | ** | 0.017 | ** | 0.018 | ** | 0.005 | * | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.015 | |||
(2) Period | 0.010 | ** | 0.009 | ** | 0.006 | ** | 0.005 | * | 0.146 | *** | 0.147 | *** | 0.143 | *** | 0.009 | |
(1) Individual | 0.458 | *** | 0.457 | *** | 0.458 | *** | 0.458 | *** | 0.542 | *** | 0.542 | *** | 0.542 | *** | 0.542 | |
ρd | 0.058 | 0.058 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.218 | 0.218 | 0.216 | 0.042 | ||||||||
DiC | 47299777 | 47284117 | 47297345 | 47296805 | 63057254 | 63037902 | 63060348 | 63056399 |