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Table 3 Chi-square comparison of expected and actual NHS Direct uptake for females compared to the ethnic distribution of the population of England

From: Who uses NHS Direct? Investigating the impact of ethnicity on the uptake of telephone based healthcare

ETHNICITY

Observed (O)

Expected (E)

(O-E)

(O-E/√E)

Uptake rate

Sig

White: British

534087

557409.1

-3322.1

-31.24

0.96

***

White: Irish

5312

7982.0

-2670.0

-29.89

0.67

***

White: Other

25365

23280.8

2084.2

13.66

1.09

***

Mixed: White and Black Caribbean

5619

3991.0

1628.0

25.77

1.41

***

Mixed: White and Black African

3193

1330.3

1862.7

51.07

2.40

***

Mixed: White and Asian

29009

3325.8

25683.2

445.35

8.72

***

Mixed: Other

6491

2660.7

3830.3

74.26

2.44

***

Asian or Asian British: Indian

15003

16629.2

-1626.2

-12.61

0.90

***

Asian or Asian British: Pakistani

11761

11307.8

453.2

4.26

1.04

***

Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi

2810

4656.2

-1846.2

-27.06

0.60

***

Asian or Asian British: Other

4946

3991.0

955.0

15.12

1.24

***

Black or Black British: Caribbean

6067

7982.0

-1915.0

-21.43

0.76

***

Black or Black British: African

5515

9312.3

-3797.3

-39.35

0.59

***

Black or Black British: Other

2042

1330.3

711.7

19.51

1.53

***

Other ethnic groups: Chinese

1620

5321.3

-3701.3

-50.74

0.30

***

Other ethnic group

6326

4656.2

1669.8

24.47

1.36

***

  1. p < 0.001***.