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Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of preterm, term, small for gestational age (SGA) inewborns and not SGA newborns among women with singleton births during 2005-2010 in Finland

From: Unemployment at municipality level is associated with an increased risk of small for gestational age births - a multilevel analysis of all singleton births during 2005-2010 in Finland

Characteristic

Preterm birth (<37weeks)

Term (<37weeks)

*pvalue

SGA (<2 SD)

Not SGA

*pvalue

Individual level information

      

n (%)

15,615 (4.5)

330,337

 

13,111 (3.8)

332,626

 

Mean maternal age, years (SD)

29.8 (5.7)

29.5 (5.4)

≤0.001

29.1 (5.9)

29.5 (5.4)

≤0.001

Maternal age, years %

  

≤0.001

  

≤0.001

<20

5.7

94.3

 

6.6

93.4

 

20-29

4.3

95.7

 

3.9

96.1

 

30-39

4.5

95.5

 

3.5

96.5

 

40 or more

6.1

93.9

 

4.7

95.3

 

Prior preterm birth

  

≤0.001

  

0.016

Yes

14.5

85.5

 

4.2

95.8

 

No

   

3.8

96.2

 

Parity %

     

≤0.001

Nulliparous women

5.3

94.7

≤0.001

6.2

93.8

 

Multiparous women

3.9

96.1

 

2.1

97.9

 

Smoking status

     

≤0.001

Non-smoking

4.3

95.7

 

3.3

96.7

 

Quit smoking during 1st trimester

4.5

95.5

 

3.7

96.3

 

Smoking after 1st trimester

5.6

94.4

 

7.5

92.5

 

Missing information

8.2

91.8

 

3.8

96.2

 

Socioeconomic status %

  

≤0.001

  

≤0.001

Upper white collar workers

4.0

96.0

 

3.2

96.8

 

Lower white collar workers

4.5

95.5

 

3.6

96.4

 

Blue collar workers

4.7

95.3

 

4.1

95.9

 

Othersa

4.3

95.7

 

3.8

96.2

 

Missing information

4.9

95.1

 

4.1

95.9

 

Year

  

0.531

  

0.017

2005

4.5

95.5

 

3.7

96.3

 

2006

4.7

95.3

 

3.6

96.4

 

2007

4.5

95.5

 

4.0

96.0

 

2008

4.5

95.5

 

3.7

96.3

 

2009

4.4

95.6

 

3.9

96.1

 

2010

4.5

95.5

 

3.8

96.2

 

Municipality level information

      

Education deprivation class

  

0.003

  

0.116

High (least deprived)

4.3

95.7

 

3.8

96.2

 

Intermediate

4.6

95.4

 

3.9

96.1

 

Low (most deprived)

4.6

95.4

 

3.7

96.3

 

Income deprivation class

  

≤0.001

  

0.574

High (least deprived)

4.3

95.7

 

3.8

96.2

 

Intermediate

4.6

95.4

 

3.7

96.3

 

Low (most deprived)

4.6

95.4

 

3.8

96.2

 

Unemployment deprivation class

  

≤0.001

  

≤0.001

Low (least deprived)

4.3

95.7

 

3.7

96.3

 

Intermediate

4.6

95.4

 

3.7

96.3

 

High (most deprived)

4.7

95.3

 

4.0

96.0

 

Tertiles of municipality by population size

  

≤0.001

  

0.04

First tertile (100-21,000)

3.5

96.5

 

4.5

95.5

 

Second tertile (21,000-106,000)

3.9

96.1

 

4.6

95.4

 

Third tertile (106,000-600,000)

3.9

96.1

 

4.4

95.6

 
  1. aOthers comprised entrepreneurs, students, retired women, unemployed women, housewives and all unclassifiable cases, *Student´s t or chi square test, SD = standard deviation.