Table 3 Overview of studies concerning EDUCATION (in alphabetical order)

Blustein, 1995a

low education > less probability of mammography

age, race, income, self-rated health status, total Medicare Part B reimbursement in 1991, smoking status, living arrangement

Crystal, Johnson, Harman, Sambamoorthi, & Kumar, 2000b

OOPP burden with no high school: 21.4%, college degree: 12.8%

gender, race, age, income, marital status, self-reported health status, number of medical conditions, number of ADL & IADL impairments, insurance coverage

Miller & Champion, 1993a

college degree significant for mammography & physician visits > less OOPP burden in the long-term

none

Pourat, Rice, Kominski, & Snyder, 2000d

better education > better insurance > less OOPP

none

Rice & Desmond, 2006e

higher education than lowest income group > income above Medicaid limit > same OOPP as high income group, but less education & income; higher OOPP than subsidy group for having higher education & income

none

Rogowski, Lillard, & Kington, 1997b

better education > less OOPP burden (higher income, better insurance): >12 years: 1.6%, <12 years: 4.5%

age, sex, race, income, residential status, marital status, insurance coverage, health status

Sambamoorthi, Shea, & Crystal, 2003b

less education > higher OOPP (over 10% of burden without high school degree: 12.1%, college: 3.9%)

gender, race, age, income, marital status, insurance coverage, self-rated health status, place of residence

Saver, Doescher, Jackson, & Fishman, 2004d)

better education > more prescription drug coverage > less OOPP

age, race, sex, income, household configuration, insurance coverage, self-rated health status