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Table 2 Decomposition analysis of factors contributing to income-related inequalities in ambulatory care use

From: Differences in income-related inequality and horizontal inequity in ambulatory care use between rural and non-rural areas: using the 1998-2001 U.S. National Health Interview Survey data

 

Rural

Non-rural

 

Regression coefficient (95% CI)

Concentration index

Contribution %*

Regression coefficient (95% CI)

Concentration index

Contribution %*

Demographic characteristics

Female

      

   25-44

-0.046

(-0.075,-0.018)

-0.002

-0.071

0.020

(-0.042,0.081)

-0.019

0.778

   45-64

-0.041

(-0.064,-0.017)

0.069

2.077

0.030

(-0.065,0.126)

0.077

-3.259

Male

      

   18-24

-0.163

(-0.220,-0.106)

-0.269

-14.621

-0.169

(-0.273,-0.066)

-0.275

-29.050

   25-44

-0.150

(-0.160,-0.140)

0.050

6.833

-0.149

(-0.195,-0.104)

0.040

12.562

   45-64

-0.137

(-0.186,-0.088)

0.140

13.791

-0.108

(-0.203,-0.012)

0.163

23.948

Race

      

   Non-white

-0.027

(-0.056,0.002)

-0.322

-4.466

-0.046

(-0.047,-0.045)

-0.224

-19.233

Socioeconomic characteristics

Education

      

   Below high

-0.045

(-0.068,-0.021)

-0.371

-8.349

-0.072

(-0.104,-0.040)

-0.512

-28.394

   Above high

0.088

(0.064,0.112)

0.140

-24.644

0.074

(0.037,0.111)

0.148

-55.095

Log of equivalent income

0.019

(0.000,0.038)

0.040

-30.306

0.016

(0.008,0.024)

0.040

-52.419

Healthcare system factors

Insurance

      

   Uninsured

-0.059

(-0.087,-0.031)

-0.360

-16.620

-0.132

(-0.155,-0.108)

-0.468

-82.305

   Public-insured

0.060

(0.029,0.092)

-0.407

9.757

0.036

(0.028,0.043)

-0.536

10.738

Usual source of care

      

   No

-0.143

(-0.159,-0.126)

-0.193

-12.734

-0.136

(-0.200,-0.071)

-0.218

-31.365

Health-related factors

Limitations**

      

   Yes

0.355

(0.191,0.519)

-0.282

57.551

0.684

(0.549,0.819)

-0.277

152.279

Illness

      

   Yes

0.144

(0.111,0.178)

-0.112

18.438

0.150

(0.090,0.209)

-0.078

21.262

SAH

      

   Good

0.069

(0.056,0.082)

0.053

-4.801

0.108

(0.057,0.160)

0.038

-11.361

   Fair

0.153

(0.123,0.184)

-0.072

10.827

0.234

(0.120,0.347)

-0.117

47.780

   Poor

0.304

(0.259,0.349)

-0.307

31.492

0.569

(0.358,0.781)

-0.344

97.439

   Very poor

0.614

(0.372,0.857)

-0.513

39.630

1.273

(1.040,1.505)

-0.507

93.495

  1. SAH = self-assessed health status: CI = confidence interval
  2. *Unadjusted contribution percentage
  3. **Limitations: any limitations of activity due to physical, mental, or emotional problems
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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