Table 2 Effects of household wealth status and other selected characteristics on stunting among children age 0–59 months, Bangladesh 2004
From: Relationship between household wealth inequality and chronic childhood under-nutrition in Bangladesh
Variable | OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
Wealth status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   5th quintile (richest)†| -- | -- | -- | -- |
   4th quintile | 2.0 (1.6, 2.4) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.2) | 1.6 (1.3, 2.0) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) |
   3rd quintile | 2.2 (1.8, 2.7) | 1.9 (1.5, 2.3) | 1.6 (1.3, 2.0) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.3) |
   2nd quintile | 2.6 (2.2, 3.2) | 2.1 (1.7, 2.6) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.2) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) |
   1st quintile (poorest) | 3.6 (3.0, 4.3) | 2.7 (2.2, 3.4) | 2.1 (1.7, 2.7) | 2.4 (1.8, 3.2) |
Child of multiple birth | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Single-born†|  | -- | -- | -- |
   Twin or higher order |  | 2.9 (1.6, 5.1) | 3.1 (1.8, 5.5) | 3.6 (2.1, 6.3) |
Child's age (month) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0–11†|  | -- | -- | -- |
   12–23 |  | 4.1 (2.7, 6.1) | 4.4 (2.9, 6.5) | 5.2 (3.4, 8.1) |
   24–35 |  | 3.1 (2.1, 4.5) | 3.4 (2.3, 4.9) | 3.7 (2.5, 5.6) |
   36–47 |  | 3.5 (2.4, 5.1) | 3.9 (2.7, 5.8) | 4.5 (3.0, 6.7) |
   48–59 |  | 3.8 (2.6, 5.5) | 4.2 (2.9, 6.1) | 4.9 (3.3, 7.3) |
Child's sex | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Boy†|  | -- | -- | -- |
   Girl |  | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) |
Antenatal care | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No†|  | -- | -- | -- |
   Yes |  | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) |
Delivery assisted by health professional | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No†|  | -- | -- | -- |
   Yes |  | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) |
Child's birth order | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1†|  | -- | -- | -- |
   2 |  | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) |
   3 |  | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) |
   4+ |  | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) |
Breastfeeding status (month) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never†|  | -- | -- | -- |
   0–11 |  | 0.6 (0.2, 2.0) | 0.8 (0.3, 2.5) | 0.8 (0.2, 2.4) |
   12–17 |  | 0.7 (0.2, 2.2) | 0.8 (0.3, 2.4) | 0.7 (0.2, 2.3) |
   18–23 |  | 1.0 (0.3, 3.1) | 1.2 (0.4, 3.5) | 1.1 (0.3, 3.3) |
   ≥ 24 |  | 0.8 (0.3, 2.4) | 0.9 (0.3, 2.7) | 0.8 (0.3, 2.6) |
Mother's age at childbirth (year) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   15–24†|  |  | -- | -- |
   25–34 |  |  | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) |
   35–49 |  |  | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) |
Mother's BMI (kg/m 2 ) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   < 18.5 |  |  | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) |
   18.5–24.9†|  |  | -- | -- |
   ≥ 25.0 |  |  | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.8) |
Mother's education | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No education†|  |  | -- | -- |
   Primary or less |  |  | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) |
   Secondary or higher |  |  | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) |
Safe drinking water* | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No†|  |  |  | -- |
   Yes |  |  |  | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) |
Arsenic in drinking water (parts per billion) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   ≤ 50†|  |  |  | -- |
   > 50 |  |  |  | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) |
Hygienic toilet | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No†|  |  |  | -- |
   Yes |  |  |  | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) |
Cooking fuel | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Not highly polluted†|  |  |  | -- |
   Highly polluted |  |  |  | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) |
Urban/rural | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Urban†|  |  |  | -- |
   Rural |  |  |  | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) |
Geographic division | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Barisal†|  |  |  | -- |
   Chittagong |  |  |  | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) |
   Dhaka |  |  |  | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) |
   Khulna |  |  |  | 0.6 (0.4, 0.7) |
   Rajshahi |  |  |  | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8) |
   Sylhet |  |  |  | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) |
Number of children | 5,911 | 5,911 | 5,884 | 5,363 |