What potential has tobacco control for reducing health inequalities? The New Zealand situation

Table 1 The estimated percentage decrease (population-attributable risk percent (PAR%)) in 45–74 year old mortality rates during 1996–99 had all current and ex-smokers actually been never smokers

	Men 1996–99				Women 1996–99
*Within educational group †*	PAR% in total population	PAR% within educational group			PAR% in total population	PAR% within educational group
		Nil	School	Post-school		Nil	School	Post-school
(ii) All current and ex-smokers become never smokers in each educational group (ie, historically smokefree).	26%	29%	26%	23%	25%	27%	24%	23%
*Within ethnic group ‡*	PAR% in total population	PAR% within ethnic group			PAR% in total population	PAR% within ethnic group
		Māori	nMnP			Māori	nMnP
(ii) All current and ex-smokers become never smokers in each ethnic group (ie, historically smokefree).	33%	21%	36%		28%	25%	28%

† Source: Table 4 from [75].
‡ Source: PAR% calculated from data in: [27].
NB: The educational PAR% estimates are calculated using Poisson rate ratios adjusted for age and ethnicity, whereas the ethnic PAR% estimates are based on age-standardised mortality rates.
nMnP – non-Māori non-Pacific (ie, mainly "New Zealand European" ethnicity).
See the footnotes to Figure 1 for ethnicity definitions.

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