Socioeconomic differences in self-rated health among women: a comparison of St. Petersburg to Estonia and Finland

Dubikaytis, Tatiana; Härkänen, Tommi; Regushevskaya, Elena; Hemminki, Elina; Haavio-Mannila, Elina; Laanpere, Made; Kuznetsova, Olga; Koskinen, Seppo

doi:10.1186/1475-9276-13-39

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 3 Cumulative OR with 95% CI for self-rated health (1 = best health and 5 = poorest health) by socioeconomic, behaviour factors and longstanding illness among women in St. Petersburg

From: Socioeconomic differences in self-rated health among women: a comparison of St. Petersburg to Estonia and Finland

	Model I age-adjusted^a	Model II + SEP adjusted^b,c	Model III + behavior risk factors^b,d	Model IV + chronic diseases^b,e
Education	p^f < 0.01	p^f < 0.05	p^f <0.10	p^f ns
< 11 yrs	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
11–13 yrs	0.67 [0.41–1.09]	0.65^# [0.39–1.07]	0.64 [0.39–1.06]	0.65 [0.38–1.12]
14–16 yrs	0.51^** [0.32–0.82]	0.52^* [0.31–0.85]	0.54^* [0.33–0.89]	0.55^* [0.32–0.96]
17+ yrs	0.42^** [0.23–0.77]	0.40^** [0.22–0.75]	0.46^* [0.25–0.87]	0.46^* [0.23–0.91]
Personal income	p^f ns	p^f ns	p^f ns	p^f ns
Lowest quartile	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
2nd quartile	1.17 [0.80–1.69]	0.87 [0.56–1.36]	0.88 [0.56–1.38]	0.87 [0.55–1.39]
3rd quartile	1.00 [0.69–1.45]	0.77 [0.49–1.21]	0.82 [0.52–1.30]	0.79 [0.50–1.26]
Highest quartile	0.85 [0.60–1.21]	0.69 [0.44–1.08]	0.69 [0.44–1.08]	0.65^# [0.41–1.04]
Employment	p^f ns	p^f < 0.05	p^f < 0.10	p^f < 0.10
Employed	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Student	0.77 [0.49–1.19]	0.74 [0.44–1.23]	0.78 [0.46–1.32]	0.66 [0.37–1.17]
Unemployed	1.32 [0.72–2.42]	1.04 [0.54–2.01]	1.04 [0.54–2.02]	1.09 [0.58–2.06]
Housewives	0.66^# [0.42–1.03]	0.47^* [0.27–0.83]	0.48^* [0.27–0.86]	0.50^* [0.28–0.89]
Family structure	p^f ns	p^f ns	p^f ns	p^f ns
Child & partner	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Only partner	1.01 [0.74–1.38]	1.00 [0.72–1.38]	0.89 [0.64–1.25]	0.97 [0.68–1.38]
No children no partner	0.87 [0.62–1.22]	0.85 [0.59–1.23]	0.79 [0.55–1.14]	0.78 [0.54–1.13]
Only children	0.98 [0.67–1.44]	0.90 [0.61–1.34]	0.92 [0.62–1.37]	0.84 [0.55–1.28]
Smoking	p^f <0.10		p^f ns	p^f ns
Never	1.00		1.00	1.00
In past	1.26 [0.84–1.87]		1.19 [0.78–1.80]	1.23 [0.80–1.90]
Occasional	1.04 [0.74–1.47]		1.01 [0.71–1.44]	1.04 [0.72–1.50]
Current	1.44^* [1.07–1.93]		1.31^# [0.97–1.78]	1.34^# [0.98–1.82]
BMI	p^f <0.001		p^f <0.01	p^f <0.05
Under 20	1.24 [0.90–1.72]		1.27 [0.91–1.78]	1.16 [0.82–1.65]
20–24.9	1.00		1.00	1.00
25–29.9	1.66^** [1.19–2.30]		1.63^** [1.15–2.31]	1.45^* [1.02–2.06]
30+	2.44^** [1.57–3.79]		2.33^*** [1.48–3.67]	1.95^** [1.23–3.12]
Mental illness	p^f ns			p^f ns
Yes vs. no	1.86 [0.15–22.4]			4.53 [0.26–77.66]
Trauma & musculoskeletal	p^f <0.001			p^f <0.001
Yes vs. no	2.31^*** [1.44–3.70]			3.75 ^*** [2.27–6.18]
Cardiovascular illness	p^f <0.001			p^f <0.001
Yes vs. no	2.79^*** [1.86–4.19]			4.49^*** [2.91–6.92]
Other diseases	p^f <0.001			p^f <0.001
Yes vs. no	3.15^*** [2.40–4.14]			4.47^*** [3.31–6.04]

SEP = socioeconomic position, BMI = body mass index.
^aModel I SRH = age + one of the explanatory variables (education, personal income, employment status, family structure, BMI, smoking, chronic diseases).
^bElaboration analysis by adding a group of explanatory variables in the model allows one to assess the mediation effect of the group of new variables.
^cModel II SRH = age + SEP variables (education + personal income + employment status + family structure).
^dModel III SRH = age + SEP variables + behaviour variables (BMI + smoking).
^eModel IV SRH = age + SEP variables + behaviour variables + chronic diseases.
^fWald test for significance of the cumulative OR difference between the categories of the variable, ^#p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns not significant.

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ISSN: 1475-9276

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