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Table 2 Factors sustaining smoking in different levels

From: Personal and social determinants sustaining smoking practices in rural China: a qualitative study

Level of hierarchy

The themes supporting smoking

Personal determinants

Superficial knowledge about harms of smoking

Benefits of smoking

Lack of knowledge about quitting methods

No immediate desire to quit smoking

Interpersonal determinants

Co-smoking as happy family time

 

Limited or no restrictions on smoking at home

 

Cigarettes as a normal gift for male family smokers

 

The cost of smoking

Environmental determinants

Cigarette as a facilitator in off-farm activities

 

Smoking as a leisure activity

 

Normalized violation of smoke-free bans