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Table 5 Prevalence, prevalence difference and prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) of health services utilization in the last three months and of preventive activities in the last year by private health plan (PHP), according to per capita income, in the study areas of Brazil (2011)

From: Inequities in access to health care in different health systems: a study in municipalities of central Colombia and north-eastern Brazil

 

< ½ MW (per capita)

½ - 1 MW (per capita)

> 1 MW (per capita)

 

n

Prev

PD

PR (CI 95%)a

n

Prev

PD

PR (CI 95%)a

n

Prev

PD

PR (CI 95%)a

Primary care

            

  Without PHP

506

49.3

 

1

247

45.2

 

1

47

32.0

 

1

  With PHP

44

46.8

-2.5

0.99 (0.79 - 1.25)

63

36.4

-8.8

0.79 (0.64 - 0.99)

51

30.5

-1.5

0.95 (0.68 - 1.33)

Outpatient secondary care

            

  Without PHP

212

20.6

 

1

141

25.8

 

1

38

25.9

 

1

  With PHP

16

17.0

-3.6

0.98 (0.64 - 1.52)

59

34.1

8.3

1.57 (1.23 - 2.00)

58

34.7

8.8

1.40 (1.02 - 1.93)

Emergency care

            

  Without PHP

348

33.9

 

1

194

35.5

 

1

37

25.2

 

1

  With PHP

42

44.7

10.8

1.35 (1.05 - 1.72)

46

26.6

-8.9

0.66 (0.50 - 0.86)

37

22.2

-3.0

1.03 (0.68 - 1.55)

Glycemic control (adults)

            

  Without PHP

391

52.1

 

1

268

57.0

 

1

67

50.0

 

1

  With PHP

36

58.1

6.0

1.16 (0.93 - 1.45)

78

66.1

9.1

1.22 (1.06 - 1.42)

93

67.4

17.4

1.40 (1.15 - 1.71)

Caries prevention (adults)

            

  Without PHP

107

14.3

 

1

88

18.7

 

1

23

17.2

 

1

  With PHP

16

25.8

11.5

1.80 (1.15 - 2.82)

41

34.8

16.1

1.58 (1.17 - 2.12)

58

42.0

24.8

2.42 (1.59 - 3.68)

Breast cancer prevention (women)

          

  Without PHP

149

25.3

 

1

100

27.4

 

1

27

31.0

 

1

  With PHP

19

38.0

12.7

1.61 (1.09 - 2.36)

28

29.8

2.4

1.15 (0.81 - 1.63)

42

42.9

11.9

1.48 (1.02 - 2.15)

  1. Prev, Prevalence; PD, Prevalence Difference; PR, Prevalence ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; MW, minimum wage; PHP, Private Health Plan.
  2. aPrevalence Ratio and 95% confidence interval adjusted for sex, age, race/color, chronic condition, self-rated health status.
  3. Statistically significant results are shown in bold.