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Table 5 Crude and adjusted relative odds of perceiving “getting permission to go” to be a problem in accessing healthcare

From: Literacy and healthcare-seeking among women with low educational attainment: analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011 Nepal demographic and health survey

 

Women with at most primary schooling (sample N = 7,020)

Women with no formal schooling (subsample N = 4,875)

 

Crude

 

Adjusteda

 

Crude

 

Adjustedb

 
 

OR (95% CI)

p c

OR (95% CI)

p c

OR (95% CI)

p c

OR (95% CI)

p c

Literacy

 

0.042

 

0.041

 

0.006

 

0.012

  Illiterated

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Literate

0.81 (0.66-0.99)

 

0.77 (0.60-0.99)

 

0.64 (0.47-0.88)

 

0.65 (0.46-0.91)

 

Primary schooling

 

0.667

 

0.592

    

  Noned

1.00

 

1.00

     

  Incomplete

0.90 (0.72-1.13)

 

0.88 (0.68-1.14)

     

  Complete

0.96 (0.72-1.26)

 

0.97 (0.69-1.38)

     

Women’s age (per year)

        

  < 35

0.96 (0.95-0.97)

<0.001

0.95 (0.93-0.97)

<0.001

0.96 (0.94-0.98)

0.001

0.96 (0.94-0.98)

<0.001

  ≥ 35

1.00 (0.97-1.02)

0.828

1.00 (0.98-1.03)

0.800

0.99 (0.97-1.02)

0.574

1.00 (0.97-1.03)

0.933

Household wealth

        

  Per quintile

0.83 (0.76-0.90)

<0.001

0.84 (0.77-0.92)

<0.001

0.86 (0.78-0.95)

0.004

0.87 (0.79-0.96)

0.008

  (lowest is ref)

Caste/ethnicity

 

0.085

 

0.054

 

0.242

 

0.054

  Brahmin/Chhetrid

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Newar or Janajati

1.44 (1.09-1.91)

 

1.36 (1.04-1.79)

 

1.38 (1.00-1.91)

 

1.40 (1.02-1.92)

 

  Dalit

1.20 (0.91-1.58)

 

0.92 (0.68-1.25)

 

1.09 (0.79-1.51)

 

0.89 (0.62-1.28)

 

  Muslim or other

1.32 (0.85-2.04)

 

1.07 (0.69-1.66)

 

1.21 (0.75-1.95)

 

1.02 (0.62-1.66)

 

Geographic location

 

0.818

 

0.113

 

0.732

 

0.325

  Urband

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Rural

1.04 (0.77-1.39)

 

0.76 (0.54-1.07)

 

1.06 (0.76-1.48)

 

0.83 (0.58-1.20)

 

Partnered status

 

0.677

 

0.030

 

0.638

 

0.117

  Not partnered

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Married/living with partner

0.95 (0.75-1.21)

 

1.34 (1.03-1.74)

 

1.10 (0.75-1.61)

 

1.35 (0.93-1.98)

 
  1. aThe constant from the multiple logistic regression was -1.707, and the p-value from the Archer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for this model was 0.278.
  2. bThe constant from the multiple logistic regression was -1.777, and the p-value from the Archer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for this model was 0.670.
  3. cLogistic regression p values are adjusted Wald p values.
  4. dDenotes reference group.