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Table 3 Associations between selected socio-demographic variables and oral health outcomes (caries and bleeding gums)

From: Ethnic and socio-economic disparities in oral health outcomes and quality of life among Sri Lankan preschoolers: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Caries ( dmfs)

Bleeding gums (bleeding surfaces)

 

Unadjusted coefficient (SE)

IRR (95% CI)

Adjusted coefficient (SE)

IRR (95% CI)

Unadjusted coefficient (SE)

IRR (95% CI)

Adjusted coefficient (SE)

IRR (95% CI)

Age

0.01 (0.01)

1.01 (0.99,1.03)

−0.00 (0.01)

0.99 (0.98,1.01)

0.02* (0.01)

1.02* (1.00,1.04)

0.02 (0.01)

1.02 (1.00,1.04)

Gender

        

Boys

0.13 (0.09)

1.14 (0.95,1.38)

0.14 (0.09)

1.15 (0.95,1.39)

−0.21* (0.10)

0.81* (0.67,0.99)

−0.18 (0.10)

0.83 (0.68,1.01)

Ethnicity

        

 Muslim

0.26 (0.14)

1.30 (0.98,1.71)

0.25 (0.14)

1.28 (0.98,1.68)

0.45** (0.15)

1.57** (1.15,2.12)

0.29 (0.15)

1.34 (0.99,1.81)

 Tamil

0.68*** (0.21)

1.97*** (1.30,3.00)

0.51 (0.27)

1.66 (0.98,2.81)

0.95*** (0.25)

2.58*** (1.59,4.21)

1.11*** (0.23)

3.04*** (1.92,4.81)

Income (SL Rupees)

−0.00*** (5.11)

1.00*** (1.00,0.99)

−7.91 (5.00)

1.00 (0.99,1.00)

−0.00*** (5.19)

1.00*** (0.99,1.00)

−0.00* (5.17)

1.00* (0.99,1.00)

Father’s education

        

 Grade 6-12

0.59** (0.23)

1.80** (1.15,2.83)

0.28 (0.24)

1.33 (0.83,2.13)

0.16 (0.23)

1.18 (0.75,1.85)

(0.01) (0.32)

1.01 (0.55,1.89)

 Grade ≤ 5

1.02*** (0.27)

2.77*** (1.64,4.67)

0.83** (0.29)

2.30** (1.30,4.06)

0.47 (0.27)

1.60 (0.94,2.72)

0.07 (0.36)

1.08 (0.53,1.20)

Mother’s education

        

 Grade 6-12

0.40** (0.14)

1.49** (1.12,1.98)

0.18 (0.15)

1.19 (0.89,1.61)

−0.05 (0.16)

0.95 (0.69,1.30)

−0.19 (0.23)

0.83 (0.52,1.31)

 Grade ≤ 5

0.45 (0.24)

1.57 (0.98,2.51)

−0.26 (0.27)

0.77 (0.45,1.30)

0.52* (0.23)

1.69* (1.07,2.67)

0.19 (0.30)

1.21 (0.67,2.19)

  1. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001.
  2. IRR = Incidence Rate Ratio SE = Standard Error 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval.
  3. Reference categories: Gender- girls, Ethnicity- Sinhalese, Father’s and Mother’s education- > grade 12.