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Table 3 Mean cardiac rehabilitation barrier scores (± standard deviation) by rurality and socioeconomic status

From: Cardiac rehabilitation barriers by rurality and socioeconomic status: a cross-sectional study

Barriers

Rural (n = 215; 11.9%)

Urban (n = 1592; 88.0%)

Low SES (n = 726; 40.1%)

High SES (n = 905; 50.0%)

Total (N = 1809)

Travel

2.38 ± 1.19

2.29 ± 1.31

2.19 ± 1.18

2.42 ± 1.39

2.31 ± 1.30

I already exercise at home or in my community

3.01 ± 1.37

2.84 ± 1.43

2.91 ± 1.38

2.85 ± 1.45

2.86 ± 1.42

Work responsibilities

2.47 ± 1.35

2.19 ± 1.27

2.27 ± 1.26

2.20 ± 1.31

2.22 ± 1.28

Time constraints

2.41 ± 1.27

2.10 ± 1.21

2.15 ± 1.19

2.15 ± 1.25

2.14 ± 1.22

Severe weather

2.55 ± 1.32*

2.16 ± 1.29

2.38 ± 1.34*

2.05 ± 1.25

2.21 ± 1.30

Other health problems prevent me from going

2.24 ± 1.27

2.11 ± 1.26

2.23 ± 1.29

2.01 ± 1.20

2.13 ± 1.27

I find exercise tiring or painful

2.47 ± 1.34

2.17 ± 1.23

2.33 ± 1.27*

2.08 ± 1.20

2.20 ± 1.25

Distance

2.91 ± 1.49*

2.21 ± 1.38

2.50 ± 1.46*

2.13 ± 1.35

2.30 ± 1.42

Family responsibilities

2.31 ± 1.13*

1.94 ± 1.15

2.10 ± 1.17

1.89 ± 1.13

1.98 ± 1.15

Cost

2.63 ± 1.45*

2.11 ± 1.30

2.38 ± 1.37*

1.98 ± 1.25

2.18 ± 1.33

I don’t have the energy

2.38 ± 1.31

2.07 ± 1.18

2.24 ± 1.24*

1.97 ± 1.13

2.11 ± 1.20

Transportation problems

2.48 ± 1.41*

1.96 ± 1.67

2.24 ± 1.26*

1.82 ± 1.12

2.02 ± 1.21

I prefer to take care of my health alone

2.37 ± 1.24

2.11 ± 1.21

2.22 ± 1.19

2.08 ± 1.22

2.14 ± 1.21

It took too long to get referred and into the program

2.21 ± 1.20

1.88 ± 1.07

2.08 ± 1.14*

1.77 ± 0.99

1.92 ± 1.09

I can manage on my own

2.15 ± 1.08

2.03 ± 1.13

2.11 ± 1.12

1.99 ± 1.10

2.05 ± 1.12

I don’t need CR

2.22 ± 1.26

2.17 ± 1.27

2.23 ± 1.27

2.12 ± 1.25

2.18 ± 1.27

Many people with heart problems don’t go to CR and they are fine

2.14 ± 1.10

1.89 ± 1.02

2.06 ± 1.07*

1.82 ± 0.99

1.92 ± 1.03

My doctor didn’t feel it was necessary

2.07 ± 1.08

2.03 ± 1.18

2.13 ± 1.18

1.93 ± 1.13

2.04 ± 1.17

I am too old

1.85 ± 0.96

1.72 ± 0.94

1.86 ± 0.98*

1.63 ± 0.89

1.74 ± 0.95

I think I was referred but the rehab program didn’t contact me

2.01 ± 1.14

1.80 ± 1.05

1.97 ± 1.11*

1.70 ± 1.00

1.82 ± 1.06

I didn’t know about CR

2.36 ± 1.40

2.13 ± 1.40

2.33 ± 1.44*

1.99 ± 1.34

2.16 ± 1.40

  1. *p < .002 for rural versus urban or high versus low SES comparison.
  2. SES socioeconomic status, CR cardiac rehabilitation.