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Table 3 Associations of mental health, behavioral, and school difficulties with socioeconomic factors among adolescents (N = 1559): gender-age-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals

From: Socioeconomic inequities patterns of multi-morbidity in early adolescence

 

N

Alcohol use

Tobacco use

Cannabis use

Hard drugs use

Obesity

Depressive symptoms

Suicide attempts

Involvement in violence

Grade repetition

Low school-performance

Boys

778

1.27* 1.03-1.58

0.82 0.60-1.13

1.55 0.99-2.42

1.45 0.78-2.68

1.53† 1.10-2.13

0.35‡ 0.26-0.49

0.54‡ 0.39-0.77

2.51‡ 1.77-3.57

1.12 0.84-1.49

0.97 0.67-1.39

Age

           

12 or under

603

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

13

373

2.09‡ 1.57-2.78

0.93 0.56-1.55

1.32 0.61-2.86

1.66 0.71-3.86

0.86 0.57-1.29

1.36 0.90-2.05

0.85 0.54-1.36

1.16 0.73-1.84

2.41‡ 1.52-3.80

1.61 0.96-2.71

14 or over

583

3.43‡ 2.66-4.42

2.87‡ 1.97-4.17

4.61‡ 2.59-8.23

2.05 0.98-4.29

0.69 0.47-1.00

1.85‡ 1.30-2.62

1.30 0.89-1.89

1.95‡ 1.33-2.85

5.51‡ 3.73-8.13

2.39† 1.54-3.72

Nationality

           

French

1,451

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

European immigrants

54

0.86 0.47-1.57

1.93 0.91-4.12

2.34 0.88-6.21

3.60* 1.22-10.6

0.67 0.24-1.88

1.45 0.70-2.99

2.27† 1.11-4.66

1.55 0.68-3.54

2.06* 1.04-4.08

1.26 0.49-3.25

Non-European immigrants

54

0.66 0.36-1.22

2.41† 1.24-4.68

2.75* 1.22-6.19

5.13‡ 2.03-12.9

1.29 0.57-2.92

1.10 0.50-2.42

1.90 0.90-3.99

2.18* 1.08-4.39

3.49‡ 1.90-6.40

3.24‡ 1.64-6.38

Family structure

           

Intact

982

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Divorced/separated parents and reconstructed family

391

1.66‡ 1.30-2.14

3.54‡ 2.47-5.06

2.19† 1.32-3.65

2.08* 1.02-4.27

0.93 0.63-1.38

2.16‡ 1.56-3.00

2.54‡ 1.75-3.69

1.92‡ 1.31-2.81

2.23‡ 1.61-3.10

3.11‡ 2.06-4.71

Single parent and others

186

1.41* 1.01-1.98

2.59‡ 1.62-4.16

3.37‡ 1.89-5.99

3.94‡ 1.84-8.41

1.21 0.74-1.96

1.00 0.60-1.66

2.41‡ 1.50-3.89

3.10‡ 1.99-4.84

2.65‡ 1.76-3.99

3.50‡ 2.12-5.77

Low parents’ education

759

0.74† 0.60-0.92

1.21 0.88-1.67

1.08 0.70-1.68

1.48 0.80-2.75

1.42* 1.02-1.97

1.46* 1.08-1.97

1.47* 1.05-2.07

1.30 0.93-1.81

3.30‡ 2.41-4.53

5.24‡ 3.32-8.29

Father’ occupation

           

Managers, professionals, and intermediate professionals

595

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Craftsmen, tradesmen, and firm heads

314

1.18 0.88-1.58

1.89† 1.22-2.94

1.66 0.96-2.89

1.64 0.78-3.46

0.73 0.43-1.26

1.09 0.72-1.65

1.54 0.96-2.45

1.23 0.78-1.93

1.75* 1.09-2.80

2.68† 1.40-5.14

Service workers and clerks

144

0.90 0.61-1.34

0.82 0.40-1.67

0.36 0.11-1.20

0.25 0.03-1.87

1.42 0.79-2.55

1.05 0.60-1.84

1.38 0.73-2.61

0.90 0.48-1.71

2.11† 1.20-3.73

2.80† 1.28-6.13

Manual workers and other occupations

389

0.92 0.70-1.22

1.50 0.98-2.28

0.74 0.40-1.36

0.85 0.37-1.94

2.24‡ 1.51-3.34

1.17 0.80-1.70

1.46 0.94-2.27

0.86 0.54-1.36

3.62‡ 2.44-5.37

5.72‡ 3.27-10.0

Inactive people

117

0.64* 0.41-1.00

2.00* 1.13-3.54

1.43 0.67-3.04

1.22 0.40-3.73

1.73 0.93-3.21

0.83 0.45-1.55

1.97* 1.08-3.60

2.77‡ 1.63-4.71

5.79‡ 3.49-9.63

6.97‡ 3.53-13.7

Insufficient income

276

1.10 0.83-1.45

1.84‡ 1.27-2.67

1.59 0.96-2.66

2.55† 1.34-4.85

1.38 0.93-2.05

2.01‡ 1.43-2.83

2.48‡ 1.71-3.58

2.10‡ 1.44-3.07

1.84‡ 1.31-2.58

1.81† 1.19-2.74

  1. *p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001.
  2. The 95% confidence intervals are not provided to alleviate the Table.
  3. N: number of subjects.