Table 1 Descriptive statistics of variables used in the analysis

Chronic diseases

(n = 9,195; 79%)

(n = 1,980; 17%)

(n = 463; 4%)

(n = 11,638)

Gender

Male

3,853 (42% )

586 (30%)

119 (26%)

4,558 (39%)

Female

5,342 (58%)

1,394 (70%)

344 (74%)

7,080 (61%)

Race

African

7,528 (82%)

1,463 (74%)

333 (72%)

9,324 (80%)

Coloured

1,121 (12%)

339 (17%)

86 (19%)

1,546 (13%)

Asian/Indian

106 (1%)

26 (1%)

15 (3%)

147 (1%)

White

440 (5 %)

152 (8%)

29 (6%)

621 (5%)

Education

None

1,142 (12%)

520 (26%)

124 (27%)

1,786 (15%)

Primary

1,986 (22%)

707 (36%)

193 (42%)

2,886 (25%)

Secondary

5,455 (59%)

648 (33%)

124 (27%)

6,227 (54%)

Tertiary

612 (7%)

105 (5%)

22 (5%)

739 (6%)

Employment

Unemployed

5,614 (61%)

1,391 (70%)

351(76%)

7,356 (63%)

Employed

3,581 (39%)

589 (30%)

112 (24%)

4,282 (37%)

Income (quintiles)

Quintile 1

1,752 (19%)

292 (15%)

37 (8%)

2,081 (18%)

Quintile 2

1,979 (22%)

426 (22%)

83 (18%)

2,488 (21%)

Quintile 3

2,060 (22%)

467 (24%)

143 (31%)

2,670 (23%)

Quintile 4

2,055 (22%)

505 (26%)

130 (28%)

2,690 (23%)

Quintile 5

1,349 (15%)

290 (15%)

70 (15%)

1,709 (15%)

Social assistance

No

5,873 (64%)

809 (41%)

131 (28%)

6813 (59%)

Yes

3,324 (36%)

1170 (59%)

331 (72%)

4825 (41%)

Residence

Urban

4,198 (46%)

999 (50%)

236 (51%)

5,433 (47%)

Rural

4,997 (54%)

981 (50%)

227 (49%)

6,205 (53%)

Smoking

No

7,098 (77%)

1 560 (79%)

379(82%)

9 036 (78%)

Yes

2,098 (23%)

420 (21%)

84 (18%)

2 602 (22%)

Obesity

Not obese

7,172 (78%)

1,218 (62%)

238 (51%)

8,628 (74%)

Obese

2,023 (22%)

762 (38%)

225 (49%)

3,010 (26%)

Health facility visits

No

7,470 (81%)

888 (45%)

150 (32%)

8,508 (73%)

Yes

1,725 (19% )

1,092 (55%)

313 (68%)

3,130 (27%)

Civic participation

No

5,945 (65% )

1,224 (62%)

250 (54%)

7,419 (64%)

Yes

3,250 (35% )

756 (38%)

213 (46%)

4,219 (36%)