From: Health care payments in the asia pacific: validation of five survey measures of economic burden
 | China | Malaysia | Philippines | Vietnam | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | All | Low | High | All | Low | High | All | Low | High | All | Low | High |
Correlates of AHEa,b,c,f | (n=3,723) | (n=2,269) | (n=1,454) | (n=5,355) | (n=3,194) | (n=2,161) | (n=9,558) | (n=5,723) | (n=3,835) | (n=3,218) | (n=1,907) | (n=1,311) |
  Wealth | 1.12 | --- | --- | 1.55*** | --- | --- | 1.27*** | --- | --- | 0.98 | --- | --- |
  Health care need | 3.46*** | 3.34*** | 3.61** | 2.46*** | 2.65*** | 2.20*** | 2.64*** | 2.62*** | 2.69*** | 3.95*** | 3.36*** | 5.11*** |
  Risk protection | 0.85 | 0.74 | 1.20 | 0.71** | 0.61*** | 0.90 | 1.10 | 1.04 | 1.17 | 0.80 | 0.93 | 0.69 |
Correlates of HEAa,c,d,f | (n=3,723) | (n=2,269) | (n=1,454) | (n=5,355) | (n=3,194) | (n=2,161) | (n=9,558) | (n=5,723) | (n=3,835) | (n=3,218) | (n=1,907) | (n=1,311) |
  Wealth | 2.08*** | --- | --- | 2.50*** | --- | --- | 2.08*** | --- | --- | 1.19 | --- | --- |
  Health care need | 3.61*** | 3.65*** | 2.59** | 2.39*** | 2.67*** | 2.12*** | 3.16*** | 3.24*** | 2.94*** | 3.54*** | 3.20*** | 4.13*** |
  Risk protection | 1.04 | 1.53 | 0.78 | 0.89 | 0.70* | 1.39* | 1.35* | 1.00 | 1.57** | 1.00 | 0.57 | 1.18 |
Correlates of CHEa,b,c,f | (n=3,716) | (n=2,263) | (n=1,453) | (n=5,292) | (n=3,142) | (n=2,150) | (n=9,353) | (n=5,521) | (n=3,832) | (n=3,212) | (n=1,902) | (n=1,310) |
  Wealth | 0.68** | --- | --- | 1.70* | --- | --- | 0.68*** | --- | --- | 0.39*** | --- | --- |
  Health care need | 3.33*** | 3.29*** | 3.46*** | 2.85*** | 3.73*** | 2.04* | 3.20*** | 3.02*** | 3.57*** | 3.89*** | 3.27*** | 7.47*** |
  Risk protection | 0.64* | 0.68 | 0.54** | 0.61* | 0.40** | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.95 | 1.07 | 0.41* | 0.46 | 0.35* |
Correlates of INDa,b,c,f | (n=3,671) | (n=2,234) | (n=1,437) | (n=5,259) | (n=3,136) | (n=2,123) | (n=9,456) | (n=5,653) | (n=3,803) | (n=2,999) | (n=1,786) | (n=1,213) |
  Wealth | 0.41*** | --- | --- | 0.59** | --- | --- | 0.76*** | --- | --- | 0.46*** | --- | --- |
  Health care need | 2.13*** | 2.26*** | 1.66 | 2.03*** | 2.27*** | 1.59 | 2.47*** | 2.51*** | 2.39*** | 3.61*** | 3.53*** | 3.93*** |
  Risk protection | 0.40*** | 0.45*** | 0.27** | 0.90 | 0.99 | 0.61 | 0.82* | 0.93 | 0.71** | 1.02 | 1.13 | 0.89 |
Correlates of IMPa,b,c,e,f | (n=2,876) | (n=1,464) | (n=1,412) | (n=4,167) | (n=2,132) | (n=2,035) | (n=5,839) | (n=2,481) | (n=3,358) | (n=2,203) | (n=1046) | (n=1,157) |
  Wealth | 0.13** | --- | --- | 0.49** | --- | --- | 0.31*** | --- | --- | 0.23*** | --- | --- |
  Health care need | 2.31*** | 2.08** | 8.24** | 2.09** | 2.17** | 1.85 | 2.51*** | 2.53*** | 2.46*** | 2.95*** | 2.45*** | 7.16** |
  Risk protection | 0.28* | 0.24** | 1.67 | 0.43* | 0.17** | 1.14 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 0.63 | 0.11* |