From: Inequality in fertility rate and modern contraceptive use among Ghanaian women from 1988–2008
Variables | High fertility rate (4 or more live births) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1988 | 1993 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008 | |
Residence a | |||||
Urban | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Rural: AF (sTAF) | 0.29(0.21) 0.21 | 0.47(0.35) 0.35 | 0.50(0.39) 0.39 | 0.09(0.06) 0.06 | 0.29(0.20) 0.20 |
Total Attributable fraction(TAF) | |||||
Relative Index of Inequality (RII) | 1.15 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.07 | 1.14 |
Slope Index of Inequality (SII) | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 0.49 | 0.84 |
p-value | 0.006 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.137 | <0.001 |
Educational level a | |||||
Never attended: AF (sTAF) | 0.78(0.44) | 0.84(0.43) | 0.89(0.47) | 0.74(0.39) | 0.87(0.41) |
Basic education: AF (sTAF) | 0.68(0.28) | 0.77(0.34) | 0.80(0.35) | 0.63(0.28) | 0.74(0.36) |
Secondary: AF (sTAF) | - | 0(−) | 0.50(0.01) | 0(−) | 0.23(0.01) |
Higher | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Total Attributable fraction (TAF) | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.67 | 0.78 |
Relative Index of Inequality (RII) | 4.70 | 3.89 | 5.60 | 3.17 | 7.17 |
Slope Index of Inequality (SII) | 3.24 | 2.08 | 2.30 | 4.82 | 5.89 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Income level a | |||||
Low income: AF (sTAF) | 0(−) | No data | 0.09(0.04) | 0.67(0.37) | 0.52(0.29) |
Average income: AF (sTAF) | - | 0.23(0.05) | 0.58(0.11) | 0.44(0.08) | |
High income | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Total Attributable fraction(TAF) | 0 | 0.09 | 0.48 | 0.37 | |
Relative Index of Inequality (RII) | 1.09 | 1.29 | 5.95 | 3.52 | |
Slope Index of Inequality (SII) | 0.33 | 0.63 | 5.86 | 4.90 | |
p-value | 0.701 | 0.176 | <0.001 | <0.001 |