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Table 4 Multivariable analysesaof racial/ethnic disparities in medical and oral health status among US children 0-17 years old (N = 90,117), 2007 NSCH

From: Trends in racial/ethnic disparities in medical and oral health, access to care, and use of services in US children: has anything changed over the years?

 

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) vs. white children

Measure

Latino

African-American

Asian/Pacific Islander

American Indian/Alaska Native

Multiracial

Health not excellent/very good

1.88 (1.56, 2.27)

1.78 (1.55, 2.04) Z = 2.01 (P = .02)

1.19 (0.84, 1.68)

1.15 (0.86, 1.54)

1.33 (1.05, 1.68)

Overweight or obese

1.60 (1.27, 2.02)

1.65 (1.43, 1.91)

0.64 (0.42, 0.99)

1.39 (1.00, 1.95)c

1.35 (1.06, 1.71)

Needs more medical care than others

0.89 (0.74, 1.06)

0.81 (0.69, 0.94)

0.51 (0.37, 0.71)

1.15 (0.83, 1.59)

1.04 (0.85, 1.28)

Has limited abilities

0.99 (0.75, 1.3)

1.36 (1.14, 1.62)

1.0 (0.64, 1.54)

1.4 (0.99, 1.98)

1.26 (0.96, 1.66)

Needs/gets special therapyb

0.94 (0.74, 1.21)

0.94 (0.78, 1.13)

0.59 (0.39, 0.9)

1.06 (0.73, 1.54)

0.89 (0.7, 1.15)

Emotional, developmental, or behavioral problems needing treatment or counseling

0.83 (0.66, 1.04) Z = -1.90 (P = .03)

0.84 (0.69, 1.01)

0.4 (0.27, 0.6)

1.35 (0.93, 1.97) Z = 1.69 (P = .045)

1.16 (0.92, 1.46)

Learning disability

1.12 (0.88, 1.43)

0.95 (0.79, 1.13)

0.34 (0.24, 0.5)

1.23 (0.84, 1.79)

1.05 (0.82, 1.36)

Asthmatic

1.28 (1.05, 1.56)

1.48 (1.29, 1.69)

1.32 (0.93, 1.88)

1.25 (0.93, 1.66)

1.59 (1.28, 1.97)

Hearing/vision problem

1.27 (0.9, 1.8)

0.60 (0.47, 0.75)

0.85 (0.47, 1.52)

0.96 (0.59, 1.57) Z = -2.29 (P = .01)

1.07 (0.71, 1.6)

ADHD

0.76 (0.57, 1.01)

0.76 (0.64, 0.91)

0.31 (0.21, 0.45)

1.06 (0.73, 1.54)

1.38 (1.06, 1.8) Z = 1.64 (P = .0499)

Depression/anxiety

0.91 (0.69, 1.21)

0.5 (0.39, 0.64)

0.31 (0.21, 0.48)

1.27 (0.8, 2.02)

1.38 (1.06, 1.81)

Behavior problems

0.95 (0.67, 1.34)

1.31 (1.06, 1.62)

0.31 (0.19, 0.53)

1.78 (1.07, 2.96) Z = 2.34 (P = .01)

1.06 (0.78, 1.45)

Bone/joint/muscle problems

1.03 (0.7, 1.52)

0.72 (0.54, 0.95)

0.87 (0.44, 1.72) Z = 2.63 (P = .004)

1.17 (0.65, 2.1)

0.98 (0.7, 1.36)

Diabetes

0.48 (0.24, 0.93)

0.99 (0.52, 1.88) Z = 1.66 (P = .048)

0.23 (0.05, 1.11)

0.29 (0.08, 1.07)

0.72 (0.37, 1.43)

Developmental delay

1.18 (0.85, 1.62) Z = 1.95 (P = .03)

0.88 (0.7, 1.1) Z = 1.90 (P = .03)

0.51 (0.34, 0.77)

0.88 (0.55, 1.39)

1.22 (0.86, 1.72)

Digestive allergies

1.09 (0.77, 1.53)

1.23 (1.01, 1.49)

1.18 (0.8, 1.73)

1.29 (0.77, 2.17)

1.21 (0.81, 1.82)

Skin allergies

1.16 (0.95, 1.4)

1.85 (1.63, 2.11)

1.1 (0.84, 1.45)

0.91 (0.64, 1.31) Z = -2.01 (P = .02)

1.35 (1.11, 1.64)

Speech problem

0.92 (0.7, 1.21)

0.91 (0.75, 1.11) Z = -2.91 (P = .002)

0.48 (0.27, 0.86)

0.88 (0.56, 1.38)

0.87 (0.67, 1.14)

≥ 3 ear infections in last 12 mos

0.93 (0.74, 1.16)

0.67 (0.55, 0.82)

0.42 (0.28, 0.62)

0.87 (0.6, 1.27)

0.91 (0.67, 1.22)

Teeth condition not excellent/very good

1.97 (1.68, 2.31) Z = 1.92 (P = .03)

1.87 (1.67, 2.08)

1.48 (1.15, 1.91)

1.45 (1.12, 1.88)

1.19 (0.96, 1.48)

  1. Data source: Non-public data set of 2007 National Survey of Childhood Health.
  2. aAdjusted for primary language spoken at home, child’s age and insurance coverage, caregiver’s educational attainment and employment status, number of children in the household, number of adults in the household, and poverty level. Z-scores and P values provided for ORs and 95% CIs which significantly differed for same indicator in multivariable analyses of 2003 NSCH (see Additional file 1: Appendices 1 and 2 for 2003 NSCH data).
  3. bIncludes physical, occupational, or speech therapy.
  4. cNot statistically significant, but trending towards significance, with P = .0528.
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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