Analyzing the equity of public primary care provision in Kenya: variation in facility characteristics by local poverty level

Toda, Mitsuru; Opwora, Antony; Waweru, Evelyn; Noor, Abdisalan; Edwards, Tansy; Fegan, Greg; Molyneux, Catherine; Goodman, Catherine

doi:10.1186/1475-9276-11-75

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 7 **Availability of services and SES: Availability across SES quintiles, equity ratio, concentration index and indirectly standardized concentration index (*=p<0.05; =p<0.01)

From: Analyzing the equity of public primary care provision in Kenya: variation in facility characteristics by local poverty level

Outcome: Availability of services	SES Quintiles					P- value (chi-squared test of association by SES quintiles)	Equity ratio	Concentration index¹	INDIRECTLY standardized concentration index¹
	Poorest 20%	2^nd quintile	3^rd quintile	4^th quintile	Least poor 20%
	n=68	n=65	n=30	n=38	n=47
	%	%	%	%	%
	[95% CI]	[95% CI]	[95% CI]	[95% CI]	[95% CI]
Laboratory	15.6	42.6	32.0	46.3	53.5	P = 0.02*	3.43	0.05	0.05
N=246	[8.2-27.7]	[23.3-64.5]	[12.4-61.1]	[31.8-61.5]	[35.5-70.6]	P = 0.02*	3.43	P=0.01*	P=0.01*
All childhood immunizations every weekday	47.6	59.7	42.3	31.5	47.7	P = 0.22	1.00	−0.02	−0.03
N=247	[30.9-64.7]	[33.9-81.1]	[13.8-77.1]	[16.8-51.1]	[26.7-69.5]	P = 0.22	1.00	P=0.15	P=0.20
All antenatal care every weekday	83.3	73.9	63.5	67.0	87.4	P = 0.40	1.05	<0.01	<0.01
N=246	[62.5-93.7]	[45.6-90.5]	[18.1-93.2]	[53.6-78.1]	[71.7-95.0]	P = 0.40	1.05	P=0.89	P=0.97
Family planning	92.9	100	100	97.3	96.4	P = 0.31	1.04	<−0.01	<−0.01
N=247	[81.5-97.5]	100	100	[81.3-99.7]	[83.7-99.3]	P = 0.31	1.04	P=0.81	P=0.35
Delivery	60.5	57.5	36.6	48.3	42.1	P = 0.57	0.70	−0.37	<−0.01
N=247	[39.2-78.4]	[25.8-84.1]	[12.8-69.4]	[35.9-60.9]	[19.0-69.4]	P = 0.57	0.70	P=0.28	P=0.87
VCT/PITC	88.1	66.7	87.0	97.3	86.9	P=0.05	0.99	0.15	0.04
N=247	[79.5-93.5]	[46.2-82.4]	[62.3-96.4]	[81.3-99.7]	[67.5-95.5]	P=0.05	0.99	P=0.42	P=0.03*
PMTCT	91.7	83.4	85.2	90.1	90.7	P = 0.76	0.99	<0.01	0.01
N=240	[80.2-96.8]	[37.4-97.7]	[43.2-97.7]	[66.9-97.6]	[73.8-97.1]	P = 0.76	0.99	P=0.82	P=0.74
ART	23.1	34.0	29.2	25.6	20.3	P = 0.62	0.88	<−0.01	<−0.01
N=247	[12.4-38.9]	[20.9-50.1]	[10.5-59.2]	[15.6-39.0]	[12.8-30.7]	P = 0.62	0.88	P=0.65	P=0.99
ITN	81.6	74.7	99.7	82.7	82.9	P = 0.39	1.02	<−0.01	−0.02
N=247	[68.5-90.0]	[37.0-93.7]	[98.4-99.9]	[35.3-97.7]	[48.5-96.1]	P = 0.39	1.02	P=0.93	P=0.60
Outreach	35.9	45.5	56.5	46.5	38.8	P = 0.56	1.08	<−0.01	0.03
N=247	[26.4-46.7]	[32.1-59.6]	[22.3-85.4]	[30.9-62.8]	[15.4-68.9]	P = 0.56	1.08	P=0.91	P=0.08

¹ P-value for the concentration index shows whether the concentration index is significantly different from zero.

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