Table 1 Characteristics of the sample ( n =1,544)
Variable | Â | City of residence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Toronto | Vancouver |
| Â | Â | n(%) | n(%) |
Expressed racial identity | Aboriginal | 3(0.4) | 4(0.5) |
| Â | Asian | 20(2.8) | 50(6.0) |
| Â | Black | 45(6.4) | 2(0.2) |
| Â | South Asian | 26(3.7) | 42(5.0) |
| Â | Southeast Asian | 10(1.4) | 10(1.2) |
| Â | White | 539(76.4) | 683(81.5) |
| Â | Other | 16(2.3) | 19(2.3) |
| Â | multiple responses | 20(2.8) | 12(1.4) |
| Â | missing | 27(3.8) | 16(1.9) |
Age | aged 19-34 | 144(20.4) | 104(12.4) |
| Â | aged 35-44 | 133(18.8) | 137(16.4) |
| Â | aged 45 - 54 | 163(23.1) | 199(23.8) |
| Â | aged 55-64 | 141(20.0) | 255(26.9) |
| Â | aged 65 and other | 125(17.7) | 173(20.6) |
Gender | male | 251(35.6) | 274(32.7) |
| Â | female | 455(64.4) | 564(67.3) |
Marital status | married or common law | 368(52.1) | 522(62.3) |
| Â | separated, divorced or widowed | 161(22.8) | 189(22.6) |
| Â | never been married | 177(25.1) | 127(15.2) |
Immigrant status | born in Canada | 457(64.7) | 608(72.6) |
| Â | immigrated > 20 years ago | 169(23.9) | 152(18.1) |
| Â | immigrated between 10 and 20 years ago | 39(5.5) | 41(4.9) |
| Â | immigrated < 10 years ago | 41(5.8) | 37(4.4) |
Educational attainment | high school or less | 157(22.2) | 235(28.0) |
| Â | CC, TS or some university | 160(22.7) | 257(30.7) |
|  | bachelor’s degree | 237(33.6) | 216(25.8) |
| Â | post - graduate degree | 152(21.5) | 130(15.5) |
Household income | less than $40,000 | 110(15.6) | 130(15.5) |
| Â | $40,000 - $59,999 | 89(12.6) | 98(11.7) |
| Â | $60,000 - $79,999 | 103(14.6) | 99(11.7) |
| Â | $80,000 - $99,000 | 72(10.2) | 89(10.6) |
| Â | $100,000 - $149,999 | 101(14.3) | 151(18.0) |
| Â | $150,000 or more | 124(17.6) | 121(14.4) |
| Â | missing | 107(15.2) | 150(17.9) |
Major discrimination | no experiences | 276(39.1) | 384(45.8) |
| Â | one experience | 194(17.5) | 201(24.0) |
| Â | two experiences | 106(15.0) | 116(13.8) |
| Â | three or more experiences | 88(12.5) | 105(12.5) |
| Â | missing | 42(6.0) | 32(3.8) |
Racial/ethnic major discriminatory experiences | no experiences | 588(83.3) | 735(87.7) |
| Â | one experience | 55(7.8) | 57(6.8) |
| Â | two or more experiences | 21(3.0) | 14(1.7) |
| Â | missing | 42(6.0) | 32(3.8) |
Routine discrimination index | 0 | 148(21.0) | 226(27.0) |
| Â | 1 or 2 | 194(27.5) | 250(29.8) |
| Â | 3 or 4 | 131(18.6) | 147(17.5) |
| Â | 5 or greater | 205(29.0) | 189(22.6) |
| Â | missing | 28(4.0) | 26(3.1) |
Daily stress | not stressful | 99(14.0) | 161(19.2) |
| Â | a bit stressful | 367(52.0) | 437(52.2) |
| Â | quite or extremely stressful | 240(34.0) | 240(28.6) |