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Table 4 Determinants of Self-reported health and health service utilization by various characteristics (n = 778)

From: Self-reported chronic diseases and health status and health service utilization - Results from a community health survey in Singapore

Characteristics

Categories

Self- rated health (1–6), OR

95% CI for OR

Inpatient utilization, OR

95% CI for OR

Outpatient utilization, OR

95% CI for OR

   

Upper

Lower

 

Upper

Lower

 

Upper

Lower

Age-group*

<25

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

25 - 44

2.27

0.84

6.14

0.51

0.16

1.63

1.66

0.57

4.87

 

45 - 64

1.78

0.66

4.77

0.49

0.17

1.49

1.31

0.45

3.83

 

≥65

1.38

0.49

3.92

0.44

0.13

1.46

2.09

0.59

7.35

Gender

Males

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Females

0.94

0.65

1.35

0.68

0.39

1.17

1.55

0.92

2.61

Ethnicity

Chinese

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Indian

0.92

0.52

1.61

2.35

1.15

4.77

1.02

0.45

2.35

 

Others

0.98

0.42

2.29

0.70

0.16

3.19

0.42

0.15

1.17

 

Malay

0.57

0.37

0.88

1.23

0.64

2.35

1.49

0.84

2.64

Highest educational level attained

No formal education

1.16

0.70

1.92

1.06

0.52

2.16

0.41

0.20

0.81

 

Primary

1.12

0.67

1.86

0.45

0.20

1.02

0.52

0.27

1.00

 

≥ Secondary education

1

  

1

  

1

  

Work status

Working full-time or part-time

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Retiree

0.68

0.23

1.96

0.23

0.03

1.75

0.71

0.17

3.00

 

Housewife

0.89

0.30

2.66

0.32

0.04

2.36

0.86

0.21

3.52

 

Student or national serviceman

0.37

0.06

2.41

0.00

-

-

4.89

0.75

31.83

 

Unemployed

1.05

0.37

2.97

0.39

0.06

2.78

0.84

0.24

2.99

Personal Monthly Incomeâ•£

<S$500

3.11

0.94

10.27

8.15

0.90

73.78

0.76

0.18

3.17

 

S$500 - 999

1.25

0.63

2.49

2.09

0.65

6.65

0.66

0.32

1.39

 

≥S$1,000

1

  

1

  

1

  

Chronic diseases

Presence of one or more chronic disease

3.05

2.09

4.44

2.25

1.25

4.03

36.17

17.31

75.55

 

No chronic disease

1

  

1

  

1

  
  1. * Age not available for five respondents, income not available for 3 respondents.
  2. OR: Odds ratio, CI: Confidence Interval, â•£Income in Singapore dollars.
  3. SRH: Self-reported health; score of 1 indicates poor health and a score of 10 indicates best possible health. Scores 1–6 indicate fair to poor self-rated health status.