Characteristics | Categories | Self- rated health (1–6), OR | 95% CI for OR | Inpatient utilization, OR | 95% CI for OR | Outpatient utilization, OR | 95% CI for OR | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  | Upper | Lower |  | Upper | Lower |  | Upper | Lower |
Age-group* | <25 | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â |
 | 25 - 44 | 2.27 | 0.84 | 6.14 | 0.51 | 0.16 | 1.63 | 1.66 | 0.57 | 4.87 |
 | 45 - 64 | 1.78 | 0.66 | 4.77 | 0.49 | 0.17 | 1.49 | 1.31 | 0.45 | 3.83 |
 | ≥65 | 1.38 | 0.49 | 3.92 | 0.44 | 0.13 | 1.46 | 2.09 | 0.59 | 7.35 |
Gender | Males | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â |
 | Females | 0.94 | 0.65 | 1.35 | 0.68 | 0.39 | 1.17 | 1.55 | 0.92 | 2.61 |
Ethnicity | Chinese | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â |
 | Indian | 0.92 | 0.52 | 1.61 | 2.35 | 1.15 | 4.77 | 1.02 | 0.45 | 2.35 |
 | Others | 0.98 | 0.42 | 2.29 | 0.70 | 0.16 | 3.19 | 0.42 | 0.15 | 1.17 |
 | Malay | 0.57 | 0.37 | 0.88 | 1.23 | 0.64 | 2.35 | 1.49 | 0.84 | 2.64 |
Highest educational level attained | No formal education | 1.16 | 0.70 | 1.92 | 1.06 | 0.52 | 2.16 | 0.41 | 0.20 | 0.81 |
 | Primary | 1.12 | 0.67 | 1.86 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 1.02 | 0.52 | 0.27 | 1.00 |
 | ≥ Secondary education | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Work status | Working full-time or part-time | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â |
 | Retiree | 0.68 | 0.23 | 1.96 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 1.75 | 0.71 | 0.17 | 3.00 |
 | Housewife | 0.89 | 0.30 | 2.66 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 2.36 | 0.86 | 0.21 | 3.52 |
 | Student or national serviceman | 0.37 | 0.06 | 2.41 | 0.00 | - | - | 4.89 | 0.75 | 31.83 |
 | Unemployed | 1.05 | 0.37 | 2.97 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 2.78 | 0.84 | 0.24 | 2.99 |
Personal Monthly Incomeâ•£ | <S$500 | 3.11 | 0.94 | 10.27 | 8.15 | 0.90 | 73.78 | 0.76 | 0.18 | 3.17 |
 | S$500 - 999 | 1.25 | 0.63 | 2.49 | 2.09 | 0.65 | 6.65 | 0.66 | 0.32 | 1.39 |
 | ≥S$1,000 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Chronic diseases | Presence of one or more chronic disease | 3.05 | 2.09 | 4.44 | 2.25 | 1.25 | 4.03 | 36.17 | 17.31 | 75.55 |
 | No chronic disease | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |