Income-related inequality in health insurance coverage: analysis of China Health and Nutrition Survey of 2006 and 2009

Table 3 Predictors of health insurance coverage according to GEE model and hierarchical logistic regression in difference-in-difference format

	GEE model				Hierarchical model
	Odds Ratio	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	P value	Odds Ratio	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	P value
Intercept	5.288	3.074	9.097	<0.001	4.924	3.021	8.026	<0.001
Age	1.008	1.005	1.011	<0.001	1.008	1.005	1.011	<0.001
Household size	0.998	0.971	1.026	0.908	0.997	0.969	1.026	0.894
Male	1.000	0.921	1.086	0.996	0.999	0.918	1.088	0.981
Not married	0.740	0.660	0.829	<0.001	0.739	0.661	0.826	<0.001
Low education	0.717	0.562	0.915	0.007	0.719	0.572	0.904	0.005
Median Education	0.692	0.545	0.879	0.003	0.694	0.555	0.87	0.002
Year of 2009	22.809	20.041	25.959	<0.001	17.903	16.175	19.816	<0.001
Income increase by 10 K RMB	1.255	1.130	1.393	<0.001	1.255	1.177	1.339	<0.001
Interaction of income*Y2009	0.797	0.714	0.890	<0.001	0.797	0.735	0.865	<0.001
Not retired	0.216	0.178	0.263	<0.001	0.219	0.185	0.259	<0.001
Occupation (Technicians as reference)
Professionals	2.413	1.766	3.297	<0.001	2.392	1.807	3.167	<0.001
Officials	2.187	1.656	2.887	<0.001	2.166	1.673	2.804	<0.001
Farmers	0.892	0.752	1.058	0.190	0.889	0.752	1.052	0.170
Service sector workers	0.464	0.378	0.570	<0.001	0.464	0.384	0.561	<0.001
Others	0.555	0.424	0.728	<0.001	0.555	0.427	0.722	<0.001
Not working	0.423	0.354	0.505	<0.001	0.423	0.358	0.501	<0.001
Set of 53 geographic locations	^a	^a	^a	^a	^b	^b	^b	^b
(City 1 in Liaoning as reference)

^a The GEE estimates for 53 variables for geographic locations are omitted; the full GEE model is presented in the Appendix.
^b Random effect of geographic variations (18 cities and 36 counties) was controlled for hierarchical model.

ISSN: 1475-9276