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Table 2 Household expenditure on health care

From: Changes in Equity in Out-of-pocket Payments during the Period of Health Care Reforms: Evidence from Hungary

Year

Quintile

2005

2006

2007

2008

Expenditure

 

mean

sd

mean

sd

mean

sd

mean

sd

Income (Thousand HUF)

1st

920

213

951***

245

889***

208

882

202

2nd

1 539

159

1 586***

159

1 468***

160

1 442***

165

3rd

2101

175

2157***

174

2 020***

166

1 972***

161

4th

2 790

239

2 840***

238

2 686***

227

2 609***

214

5th

4 622

1 802

4 627***

1 992

4 333***

1 726

4 062***

1 171

Total

2 394

1 518

2 433***

1 556

2 279***

1 426

2 193***

1 225

Pharmaceuticals and medical devices (% of income)

1st

4.96 %

5.41 %

5.29 %

6.75 %

6.00 %***

6.96 %

6.56 %**

8.05 %

2nd

3.53 %

4.20 %

3.43 %

4.10 %

4.10 %***

4.67 %

4.40 %*

5.02 %

3rd

2.38 %

3.02 %

2.42 %

2.95 %

3.03 %***

3.87 %

3.26 %*

3.73 %

4th

1.90 %

2.34 %

1.89 %

2.15 %

2.26 %***

2.69 %

2.33 %

2.75 %

5th

1.54 %

1.72 %

1.47 %

1.67 %

1.75 %***

2.14 %

1.97 %***

2.20 %

Total

2.86 %

3.80 %

2.90 %

4.19 %

3.43 %***

4.66 %

3.71 %***

5.10 %

Formal payments (% of income)

1st

0.62 %

2.36 %

0.77 %

6.04 %

0.91 %

2.86 %

0.49 %***

2.06 %

2nd

0.42 %

1.36 %

0.45 %

1.56 %

0.67 %***

1.57 %%

0.43 %***

1.49 %

3rd

0.50 %

1.47 %

0.36 %***

1.10 %

0.61 %***

1.57 %

0.46 %**

2.12 %

4th

0.41 %

1.15 %

0.45 %

1.49 %

0.52 %

1.64 %

0.49 %

1.70 %

5th

0.48 %

1.28 %

0.41 %*

0.95 %

0.49 %**

1.26 %

0.42 %

1.27 %

Total

0.49 %

1.58 %

0.49 %

2.95 %

0.64 %***

1.87 %

0.46 %***

1.76 %

Informal payments (% of income)

1st

0.51 %

1.50 %

0.56 %

1.92 %

0.26 %***

0.81 %

0.28 %

1.37 %

2nd

0.43 %

1.59 %

0.38 %

1.13 %

0.23 %***

0.70 %

0.29 %**

1.01 %

3rd

0.27 %

0.71 %

0.29 %

1.38 %

0.19 %***

0.67 %

0.18 %

0.61 %

4th

0.25 %

0.78 %

0.22 %

0.66 %

0.15 %***

0.52 %

0.19 %

1.65 %

5th

0.18 %

0.61 %

0.20 %

0.62 %

0.14 %**

0.63 %

0.10 %**

0.36 %

Total

0.33 %

1.13 %

0.33 %

1.25 %

0.19 %***

0.67 %

0.21 %

1.11 %

Total (% of income)

1st

6.10 %

6.60 %

6.62 %*

11.54 %

7.18 %

8.20 %

7.34 %

9.13 %

2nd

4.38 %

5.10 %

4.26 %

4.89 %

5.00 %***

5.32 %

5.11 %

5.87 %

3rd

3.14 %

3.72 %

3.07 %

3.69 %

3.82 %***

4.54 %

3.90 %

4.53 %

4th

2.56 %

2.96 %

2.56 %

2.95 %

2.93 %***

3.42 %

3.01 %

3.86 %

5th

2.20 %

2.46 %

2.08 %

2.21 %

2.38 %***

2.81 %

2.50 %

2.75 %

Total

3.68 %

4.65 %

3.72 %

6.28 %

4.26 %***

5.48 %

4.37 %

5.93 %

  1. Note: 1 EUR  250 HUF during the examined period; income is indicated on 2007 price level indexed by CPI 2005–2006:+3.9 %; 2006–2007:+0.8 %; 2007–2008:+0.61 %; t-test is used to compare the values between the years (H0:the share equal to the share in the previous year): *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001.
  2. The reform period (year 2007) is indicated by bold letters.