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Table 3 Decomposition of the Concentration index, by outcome and year

From: Horizontal equity in health care utilization in Brazil, 1998–2008

 

Doctor visit (12 months)

Dental visit (12 months)

Service use (2 weeks)

Hospitalized (12 months)

Usual source of care

1998

2003

2008

1998

2003

2008

1998

2003

2008

1998

2003

2008

1998

2003

2008

Need factors

               

Age/sex

0.001

0.000

0.001

−0.012

−0.017

−0.015

−0.003

−0.004

−0.004

0.004

0.000

−0.003

−0.001

−0.001

−0.001

Health

−0.012

−0.002

−0.002

0.001

0.003

0.002

−0.030

−0.014

−0.016

−0.030

−0.017

−0.018

−0.002

0.000

0.000

Subtotal

−0.011

−0.002

−0.001

−0.011

−0.014

−0.012

−0.033

−0.018

−0.020

−0.025

−0.017

−0.022

−0.002

−0.001

0.000

Non-need

               

Income

0.016

0.009

0.009

0.121

0.097

0.075

0.025

0.003

0.007

−0.072

−0.053

−0.040

0.002

−0.009

−0.004

Insurance

0.048

0.037

0.029

0.044

0.040

0.046

0.065

0.058

0.056

0.057

0.054

0.052

0.014

0.006

0.014

Schooling

−0.019

−0.014

−0.007

0.071

0.055

0.042

−0.018

−0.020

−0.011

−0.022

−0.025

−0.016

−0.008

−0.008

−0.009

Geography

0.020

0.014

0.009

0.011

0.015

0.008

0.029

0.023

0.027

0.011

0.004

0.005

0.023

0.017

0.012

FHS

-

-

−0.004

-

-

−0.012

-

-

−0.012

-

-

−0.010

-

-

−0.011

Subtotal

0.065

0.045

0.036

0.247

0.207

0.159

0.100

0.064

0.065

−0.026

−0.020

−0.010

0.031

0.006

0.003

  1. Numbers represent each set of variables’ contribution to the concentration index. Positive values reflect pro-rich orientation, zero is perfect equivalence, and negative values represent an overall pro-poor orientation. Residuals not shown.
  2. Age/sex represent all age and sex combinations. Health includes measures of poor self-rated health, physical functioning limitations, chronic conditions and comorbidity. Schooling includes being literate and years of schooling completed. Geography includes urban/rural and geographic region. FHS = Family Health. Strategy (measure only available in 2008).
  3. Data source: Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) 1998, 2003, 2008.