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Table 5 G-computation based on causal diagram calculating the Total Causal Effect (TCE), Natural Direct Effect (NDE) and Natural Indirect Effect (NIE) of ethnicity on antenatal care and skilled birth attendance based on MICS3 data, Vietnam 2006

From: Inequity in maternal health care utilization in Vietnam

Antenatal care attendance

      
 

G-computation estimate

Bootstrap Std. Error

Z

P > |z|

Normal-based (95% CI)

 

TCE

0.086999

0.0152105

5.72

<0.001

0.057187

0.116811

NDE

0.0156403

0.0113028

1.38

0.166

−0.0065129

0.0377934

NIE

0.0713587

0.0153506

4.65

<0.001

0.0412821

0.1014454

Skilled birth attendance

      
 

G-computation estimate

Bootstrap Std. Error

Z

P > |z|

Normal-based (95% CI)

 

TCE

0.1231672

0.01671

7.37

<0.001

0.0904162

0.1559181

NDE

0.0312805

0.0129089

2.42

0.015

0.0059796

0.0565815

NIE

0.0918866

0.0124791

2.11

0.034

0.0019344

0.0508516