Table 2 Measurement instruments

Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 1.2 (Statistics Canada, 2001)*

Survey questionnaire for socio-demographic characteristics; yes/no and multiple choice questions; Likert and non-Likert scale questions

Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale (SLDS) [59]^a

20 items; seven-point Likert scale questions; Cronbach alpha: 0.92

Parental Psychiatric History (PPH) [60]

Measures mental disorders in parents and relatives; yes/no questions

Sense of Community Scale (SCS) [61]

8 items; Cronbach alpha: 0.74

Community Participation Scale (CPS) [62]

6 items; yes/no and four-point Likert scale questions; Cronbach alpha: 0.73-0.89

Resident Disempowerment Scale (RDS) [63]

3 items

Sense of Collective Efficacy (SCE) [64]

Evaluate the effect of social and institutional mechanisms on individuals living in the neighbourhood; Cronbach alpha: 0.80-0.91

Neighbourhood Disorder Scale (NDS) [63]

9 items; Cronbach alpha: 0.84

Physical Conditions of the Neighbourhood (PCN) [61]

7 items; Cronbach alpha: 0.87

Facility in Neighbourhood (FN) [65]

13 items; ten-point Likert scale questions; Cronbach alpha: 0.40 to 0.90

Social Provisions Scale (SPS) [66]^a

24 items; four-point Likert scale questions; Cronbach alpha: 0.92

Devaluation-Discrimination Scale (DDS) [67]

12 items; six-point Likert scale questions; Cronbach alpha: 0.68-0.99

Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), (Statistics Canada, 2000)*

Screening of mental disorders; was used in the World Mental Health, 2000 [68]; included the most frequent mental disorders (depression, bipolar disorder, mania, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders: social phobia, agoraphobia, and panic disorder)

Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) [69]*

20 items; yes/no questions; Cronbach alpha: 0.74

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) [70]*

10 items; 2 or multiple choice questions; Cronbach alpha: 0.88

Modified Observed Aggression Scale (MOAS) for Aggressive Behaviors [71]*

Assess 4 categories of aggressive behaviour: verbal aggression, aggression to propriety, self-inflicted aggression, physical aggression

K-10 Psychological Distress Scale (K-10 PDS) [72]*

10 items; five-point Likert scale questions; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of SMI: 0.854

Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) [73]*

30 items; four-point Likert scale questions