Table 1 Variables assessed in the study

Predisposing factors

Socio-demographic Variablesⁱ

Age

Gender

Marital status

Household composition and size

Education

First language

Country of birth

Religious beliefs

Importance attributed to spirituality

Frequency of participation in religious activities

Health beliefs

Quality of lifeⁱⁱ

Self-perception of mental and physical healthⁱ

Knowledge

Parental Psychiatric Historyⁱⁱⁱ

Justice systemⁱ

History of imprisonment

Enabling factors

Economic factorsⁱ

Income (personal, household; main source)

Territory

Neighbourhood^iv-x

Neighbourhood characteristics^iv-ix

Social support^xi

Social stigma^xi

Geospatial variablesⁱ

Walking distance to health services

Driving distance to health services

Proportion of rental accommodations

Proportion of individuals who moved a year ago

Unemployment rate among the population aged 25 and up

Active population aged 15 and up

Average household income after taxes

Average household income after taxes

Proportion of recent immigrants

Needs

Number of mental disorders^xiii-xvi

Lifetime victim of violenceⁱ

Lifetime aggressive behaviour^xvi

Psychological distress^xvii

Impulsiveness^xviii

Emotional problemsⁱ

Health service utilisation

Services are provided in hospitals (including hospitalisation), mental health community centres, rehabilitation centres, private clinics, pharmacies, and in the voluntary sector (e.g. support groups, crisis-line services). Professionals consulted included psychologists, general practitioners, psychiatrists, case managers, toxicologists, nurses, social workers, psychotherapists, pharmacists, other health professionals.