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Table 2 Confounders by category of gender (in)equality; means or proportions, for both parents, or for fathers (F) and mothers (M), respectively; 95% CI around means p-value chi-square test for proportions

From: Could gender equality in parental leave harm off-springs' mental health? a registry study of the Swedish parental/child cohort of 1988/89

Gender (in)equality category: Confounder:

Very Traditional

Rather Traditional

Equal

Rather Untraditional

Very Untraditional

p-value chi-square test

Total parental leave

Both: 412

Both: 395

Both: 392

Both: 369

Both: 267

 

1989-90 (mean days)

(411-413)

(392-398)

(387-397)

(360-378)

(258-276)

 

Second child 1990 (%)

F: 18.1

F: 17.8

F: 12.6

F: 13.7

F: 8.8

0.000

 

M: 18.4

M: 18.1

M: 12.9

M: 13.4

M: 9.0

0.000

Year of birth

F: 1959

F: 1959

F: 1958

F: 1958

F: 1956

 
 

M: 1962

M: 1961

M: 1961

M: 1961

M: 1961

 

Married/living together 1990 (%)

F: 86.7

F: 93.5

F: 93.2

F: 89.5

F: 89.1

0.000

 

M: 86.2

M: 93.5

M: 93.2

M: 89.3

M: 90.1

0.000

Born outside Sweden (%)

F: 13.0

F: 9.5

F: 12.7

F: 20.2

F: 27.9

0.000

 

M: 11.5

M: 10.6

M:14.1

M: 25.6

M:43.9

0.000

Income from employment (mean SEK)

F: 102 010

(102 006-102 014)

F: 106 742

(106 731-106 753)

F: 101 801

(101 779-101 823)

F: 94 238

(94 200-94 276)

F: 94 246

(94 226-94 266)

 
 

M: 74 211

(74 208-74 214)

M: 78 381

(78 371-78 391)

M:68 514

(68 414-68 534)

M: 49 059

(49 024-49 094)

M: 29 789

(29 762-29 816)

 

Education, highest (%)

F: 21.8

F: 34.1

F: 35.9

F: 29.0

F: 34.4

0.000

 

M: 21.9

M: 39.2

M: 40.3

M: 34.4

M:32.2

0.000

Institutional care 1986-89:

      

Psychosis (%)

F: 0.1

F: 0.1

F: 0.1

F: 0.2

F: 0.4

0.071

 

M: 0.2

M:0.3

M: 0.4

M: 0.6

M: 1.6

0.000

Depression (%)

F: 0.2

F: 0.1

F: 0.2

F: 0.1

F: 0.1

0.735

 

M: 0.3

M: 0.4

M: 0.5

M: 0.6

M: 1.6

0.000

Anxiety (%)

F: 0.5

F: 0.3

F: 0.2

F: 0.5

F: 0.7

0.052

 

M: 0.7

M: 0.8

M: 1.0

M: 1.3

M: 2.5

0.000

Alcohol abuse (%)

F: 0.7

F: 0.3

F: 0.3

F: 0.6

F: 0.8

0.000

 

M:0.2

M:0.2

M: 0.2

M: 0.2

M: 0.2

0.914

Separation 1991-2006 (%)

Both: 47.9

Both: 41.6

Both: 45.6

Both: 49.6

Both: 50.5

0.000