Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample (n = 664)

Age (years)

<0.0001

≤ 49

90 (18.0)

15 (9.1)

50-59

121 (24.2)

23 (14.0)

60-69

152 (30.4)

41 (25.0)

≥ 70

137 (27.4)

85 (51.8)

Mean (SD)

61.5 (11.6)

67.6 (12.1)

< 0.0001*

Range

21-88

29-91

Gender

< 0.0001

Male

374 (74.8)

94 (57.3)

Female

126 (25.2)

70 (42.7)

Marital status

< 0.0001

Single

21 (4.2)

3 (1.8)

Married

406 (81.2)

109 (66.5)

Widowed/divorced

73 (14.6)

52 (31.7)

Education (years)

< 0.0001

0

104 (20.8)

73 (44.5)

1-5

107 (21.4)

38 (23.2)

6-9

132 (26.4)

28 (17.1)

10-12

94 (18.8)

17 (10.4)

> 12

63 (12.6)

8 (4.9)

Employment

< 0.0001

Housewife

108 (21.6)

49 (29.9)

Employed

249 (49.8)

48 (29.3)

Unemployed

30 (6.0)

38 (23.2)

Retired

113 (22.6)

29 (17.7)

Living area in square per person (m ² /p)

0.001

< 10

52 (10.4)

29 (17.7)

10-19

186 (37.2)

78 (47.6)

20-39

171 (34.2)

41 (25.0)

≥ 40

91 (18.2)

16 (9.8)

BMI (kg/m ² )*

0.06

≤ 24.9

145 (29.0)

35 (21.4)

25-29.9

269 (53.8)

105 (64.0)

≥ 30

86 (17.2)

24 (14.6)

Hypertension

0.04

No

280 (56.0)

77 (47.0)

Yes

220 (44.0)

87 (53.0)

Diabetes

0.001

No

343 (68.6)

88 (53.7)

Yes

157 (31.4)

76 (46.3)

Hyperlipidemia

0.10

No

238 (47.6)

66 (40.2)

Yes

262 (52.4)

98 (59.8)

History of smoking

0.01

No

162 (32.4)

36 (22.0)

Yes

338 (67.6)

128 (78.0)

Treatment

< 0.0001

Coronary artery bypass graft

221 (44.2)

11 (6.7)

Non-surgical

279 (55.8)

153 (93.3)