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Table 1 Variations and univariate odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval) indicators of the use of maternal health care services in Madhya Pradesh State of India

From: Factors affecting the use of maternal health services in Madhya Pradesh state of India: a multilevel analysis

 

N

Received any ANC

Skilled attendance

at delivery

Received PNC

within 2 weeks

  

%

OR (95% CI)

%

OR (95% CI)

%

OR (95% CI)

All respondents

15782

61.7

 

49.8

 

37.4

 

Individual variables

       

Mother's age at last birth

       

= > 35

801

45.1

1

34.1

1

25.5

1

25-34

6223

60.0

1.83 (1.58-2.12)

47.2

1.73 (1.48-2.02)

36.2

1.66 (1.41-1.96)

15-24

8758

64.3

2.20 (1.90-2.54)

53.1

2.19 (1.88-2.55)

39.4

1.90 (1.61-2.24)

Mother's level of education

       

Illiterate

8352

48.8

1

37.3

1

26.3

1

Primary

2775

67.2

2.15 (1.96-2.35)

51.3

1.77 (1.63-1.93)

37.8

1.70 (1.55-1.86)

Middle

2444

75.6

3.25 (2.93-3.59)

61.7

2.71 (2.47-2.97)

47.7

2.56 (2.33-2.81)

Higher Secondary & above

2211

87.9

7.64 (6.67-8.74)

82.0

7.67 (6.82-8.63)

67.7

5.89 (5.32-6.52)

Mother's occupation

       

Unemployed

7681

68.7

1

61.6

1

45.7

1

Farmers/Agricultural Workers/Labourer

7313

53.0

0.52 (0.48-0.55)

36.7

0.36 (0.34-0.39)

27.7

0.46 (0.43-0.49)

Professional/Service/Production Worker

788

73.1

1.24 (1.05-1.46)

56.7

0.82 (0.70-0.95)

46.7

1.04 (0.90-1.21)

Birth order

       

= > 3

5702

53.2

1

37.8

1

28.1

1

2

3853

67.8

1.86 (1.7-2.02)

52.2

1.80 (1.65-1.95)

40.9

1.77 (1.62-1.93)

1

6227

65.6

1.68 (1.56-1.81)

59.3

2.39 (2.22-2.58)

43.8

1.99 (1.85-2.15)

Cast

       

Scheduled Tribes

4333

46.3

1

30.8

1

26.1

1

Scheduled Casts

2619

62.6

1.94 (1.76-2.14)

51.3

2.37 (2.14-2.62)

35.3

1.54 (1.39-1.71)

Others

8830

68.9

2.58 (2.39-2.78)

58.7

3.20 (2.96-3.46)

43.6

2.18 (2.02-2.37)

Religion

       

Hindu

14954

60.7

1

48.7

1

36.6

1

Muslim

727

80.0

2.60 (2.16-3.13)

71.2

2.61 (2.22-3.08)

51.6

1.84 (1.59-2.14)

Others

101

71.3

1.61 (1.04-2.48)

63.4

1.82 (1.21-2.74)

56.4

2.24 (1.51-3.33)

Household socio-economic status

       

Poorest

4548

42.7

1

32.0

1

23.7

1

Poor

4422

55.2

1.66 (1.52-1.80)

41.6

1.51 (1.39-1.65)

29.8

1.36 (1.24-1.50)

Medium

2787

68.3

2.90 (2.62-3.20)

54.1

2.51 (2.28-2.76)

39.8

2.13 (1.92-2.35)

Rich

2153

79.8

5.30 (4.69-5.97)

65.9

4.11 (3.69-4.59)

48.8

3.06 (2.74-3.41)

Richest

1872

92.0

15.5 (13.0-18.5)

87.6

15.0 (12.9-17.5)

72.0

8.28 (7.33-9.36)

Poverty index

       

Possess BPL Card

6705

58.0

1

44.1

1

34.4

1

No BPL Card

9077

64.4

1.31 (1.22-1.39)

54.0

1.49 (1.4-1.59)

39.7

1.26 (1.18-1.34)

Education level of husband

       

Illiterate

4661

45.4

1

34.0

1

24.5

1

Primary

2681

58.0

1.66 (1.51-1.83)

42.8

1.46 (1.32-1.60)

32.0

1.45 (1.30-1.61)

Middle

3271

66.1

2.34 (2.14-2.57)

52.5

2.15 (1.96-2.35)

37.8

1.87 (1.70-2.07)

Higher Secondary & above

5169

75.4

3.70 (3.40-4.03)

66.0

3.77 (3.47-4.10)

51.6

3.29 (3.01-3.58)

Community level variables

       

Type of residence

       

Rural

12653

56.5

1

43.1

1

32.3

1

Urban

3129

82.3

3.59 (3.25-3.96)

76.8

4.37 (3.99-4.78)

58.3

2.94 (2.72-3.19)

District level variables

       

% tribal population in the district

       

> 50

1819

51.7

1

34.7

1

32.2

1

26-50

3395

62.6

1.56 (1.39-1.75)

44.1

1.48 (1.32-1.67)

35.7

1.17 (1.04-1.32)

0-25

10568

63.1

1.60 (1.45-1.77)

54.2

2.23 (2.01-2.47)

38.9

1.34 (1.21-1.49)

Ratio of PHC to district population

       

> 30000

11963

62.0

1

52.5

1

38.4

1

Up to 30000

3819

60.5

0.94 (0.87-1.01)

41.5

0.64 (0.60-0.69)

34.4

0.84 (0.78-0.91)

  1. Source: District Level Household and Facility Survey 2007-08 (DLHS-3), Data on the percent of tribal population came from Census of India 2001 and ratio of PHC to population in the district of residence was calculated from the data in the Bulletin on Rural Health Care System and Infrastructure in India, 2008